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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Japan: A
Cherry Blossom By Many Other Names MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, July 26, 2024
 July
26: World Tofu Day: -- Tofu is a plant-based alternative to meat
that is manufactured from soybeans. Tofu has seen a surge in
popularity as more people switch to a plant-based diet. For vegans
and vegetarians, it is particularly appreciated and enjoyed
because they can avoid eating meat, but still get some much-needed
protein from it. Even if you are not a vegetarian, but you're
curious about tofu, today is a good day to give it a try. The
Eastern Asian diet, which relies heavily on tofu, is a staple in
many countries around the world. As important as dairy products
like milk and cheese are to regular eaters, tofu is an
indispensable part of every vegetarian diet. It may be newer in
the West, but tofu dates back to 900 A.D. in Japan, where it is
most popular. Tofu, or bean curd in English, has several different
names in the Chinese and Japanese languages. The term 'tofu'
wasn't coined until the 1800s when English translations of
cookbooks began to appear. In the 1970s, as the meat replacement
gained widespread acceptance in the West, cookbooks began to use
'tofu' as an official designation. People who prefer to adopt a
vegetarian or vegan diet have grown to rely on tofu. It has become
a classic meal and a nutritious alternative for them. Each
Japanese province has its distinct method of producing tofu,
reflected in the wide range of ways it is consumed. When soybean
production is executed well, it is enjoyed by a large number of
people. Tofu is one of the most versatile and nutritious foods
available worldwide. National Tofu Day seeks to highlight the
numerous ways tofu has influenced people around the world while
giving them the required nutrients. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Song Of
The South (1946) Feature Film DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26: National Aunt And Uncle Day/Auntie's Day: -- Aunts and uncles
are unique parts of our family; they can be like a second set of
parents, or great friends you happen to be related to. Often,
they've watched us grow up, and are full of stories about things
we did in our youth we might not even remember. July is a great
month for a cookout, or outdoor activities. Call up your aunts and
uncles and ask them to come out and celebrate their special place
in your life. It's unclear exactly when National Aunt and Uncle
Day was started, but it's safe to say people have been celebrating
their parent's siblings for a long time. The word aunt is derived
from the French word for the same familial relation, tante. Uncle
is also derived from a french word - oncle. Both of these words
start even further back in history, stemming from the Latin words
amita and avunculus respectively. Aunts and uncles have different
roles in many human societies. For example, in the Ashanti tribe
of Ghana, aunts and uncles are given free reign to discipline and
raise their siblings' children. They're essentially a second set
of parents, who you real parents trust the most because, well,
they were raised together. In many Polynesian cultures, anyone
older than you may be addressed as aunt or uncle as a term of
respect and endearment. Aunts and uncles also occupy a place of
importance in modern pop culture, with many famous examples across
television, literature, and film. Often, these characters, such as
Uncle Phil from The Fresh Prince, act as parental figures for
their niece, nephews, and their own children, signifying their
position as wise and trusted members of the family. On Sale @ 15%
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: United
Nations Documentaries Set DVD MP4 Download USB Drive
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26: One Voice Day: -- A day that revolves around the world joining
together and forgetting all the differences of race, religion, and
boundaries. Yes, this day is all about committing to the cause of
world peace so our future generations never have to experience
war. The essence of the day lies in making a promise of peace and
unity by reciting the Universal Peace Covenant. To celebrate this
day to the fullest, understand why peace is important and how it
can make the world a better place. With the recent violent events,
wars, and instability taking place around the world, it has become
extremely important to bring together like-minded individuals who
can call for global peace and unity. A lot of bias, hate, and
misinformation exists in today's world. Active efforts are
required to highlight what people from around the globe have in
common and One Voice Day is the perfect day to do so. One Voice
Day is celebrated every year on July 26. It was created in 1996
and the idea was to read the Universal Peace Covenant every year
on December 31, however, the date was later changed to July 26.
The document is important for people of all ages because it
defines how we all can think peacefully and how an attitude of
peace can be adopted in the forever-changing world. It is during
this time that all the different voices in the world become one.
The Universal Peace Covenant was created by students in the School
of Metaphysics. The concept of peace, however, has existed for
centuries. For instance, peace is the core teaching of various
great religions such as Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, and
Christianity. In fact, peace was taught by renowned leaders that
are still recognized on a global scale. This includes individuals
like Gandhi and Martin Luther King. Gandhi also introduced a
theory called Satyagraha, according to which it was contradictory
to use violence to obtain peace. While many countries still
struggle for peace, Sweden and Switzerland are an example of how
the task can be achieved if enough effort is put into the cause by
a country's leaders. Peace and neutrality among states have been
observed in Sweden since 1814. Similarly, Switzerland has had an
official policy of neutrality since 1815. Moreover, the modern
world has also introduced the academic field of Peace and Conflict
Studies in order to reduce the chances of war. Will our future
generations reap the fruits of our efforts in working towards
achieving global peace? This is a global event where people of
various nationalities collaborate to promote world peace. In
today's world, it has become crucial to participate in activities
to prevent violence and hatred against different nations and
communities. World peace can be easily achieved when different
countries support each other and respect one another's customs,
beliefs, and religious practices. With continuous technological
advancements in the field of science and technology, it has become
easier to develop powerful weapons and ammunition, which increases
the risks of war and conflict between countries. The main idea
behind celebrating One Voice Day is to unite different countries
on a single platform by reading the Universal Peace Covenant.
Thousands of people participate in this global event and pledge to
promote world peace. The peace covenant can be read in different
languages and people of all ages read the covenant, irrespective
of their race and social backgrounds. Change is inevitable. No one
can predict the future. Therefore, the best way to live your life
to the fullest is by spending every moment showing love and caring
for others. No matter how tough your life may be, simply knowing
how to respect the ideas, beliefs, and customs of other
communities can make a huge difference. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: TV
Commercials: The Classics Vol. 8 DVD, MP4 Download, USB Flash
Drive
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1775: The Colonial History Of The United States: Postal
Systems: Postal Systems Of The United States: The History Of The
Postal Systems Of The United States: Postal Organizations: Postal
Organizations Of The United States: The United States Post Office
(USPO): -- The office that would later become the United States
Post Office Department (USPOD; also known as the Post Office or
U.S. Mail; February 20, 1792 - July 1, 1971) is established by
decree of the Second Continental Congress as The United States
Post Office (USPO), headed for a brief time by Benjamin Franklin.
It is noteworthy that a full year before the American Declaration
Of Independence referred to "The United States Of America"
that the Second Continental Congress, who still referred to its
members as "the Thirteen Colonies", used the phrase
"United States" in the name "United States Post
Office". The United States Post Office Department that
followed it was itself the predecessor of today's United States
Postal Service (USPS), a department of The Cabinet Of The United
States, and headed by The Postmaster General. The Postal Service
Act, signed by U.S. president George Washington on February 20,
1792, established the department. Postmaster General John McLean,
in office from 1823 to 1829, was the first to call it the Post
Office Department rather than just the "Post Office."
The organization received a boost in prestige when President
Andrew Jackson invited his postmaster general, William T. Barry,
to sit as a member of the Cabinet in 1829. The Post Office Act of
1872 (17 Stat. 283) elevated the Post Office Department to Cabinet
status. During the American Civil War, postal services in the
Confederate States of America were provided by the Confederate
States of America Post-office Department, headed by Postmaster
General John Henninger Reagan. It faced insurmountable obstacles,
especially the requirement that it not run a deficit. The Postal
Reorganization Act was signed by President Richard Nixon on August
12, 1970. It replaced the cabinet-level Post Office Department
with the independent United States Postal Service on July 1, 1971.
The regulatory role of the postal services was then transferred to
the Postal Regulatory Commission. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Unidentified Flying Objects 1956 Movie/Bonus Al Chop Interview MP4
DVD
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26/27, 1952: Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs, Unidentified
Anomalous Phenomenon, UAPs): UFO Incidents (Unidentified Flying
Object Incidents): UFO Aviation Incidents (Unidentifed Flying
Object Aviation Incidents): The 1952 Washington, D.C. UFO Incident
(The Washington Flap, The Washington National Airport Sightings,
The Invasion Of Washington): -- The largest, most famous and most
significant UFO "flap"occurs as a series of unidentified
flying objects are encounted between July 12-29, 1952, over
Washington, D.C. The most publicized sightings took place on
consecutive weekends, July 19-20 and July 26-27. UFO historian
Curtis Peebles called the incident "the climax of the 1952
(UFO) flap" - "Never before or after did Project Blue
Book and the Air Force undergo such a tidal wave of (UFO)
reports." ========= The 1952 Washington, D.C. UFO Incident:
The Events of July 26-27: At 8:15 p.m. on Saturday, July 26, 1952,
a pilot and stewardess on a National Airlines flight into
Washington observed some lights above their plane. Within minutes,
both radar centers at National Airport, and the radar at Andrews
AFB, were tracking more unknown objects.[14] USAF master sergeant
Charles E. Cummings visually observed the objects at Andrews, he
later said that "these lights did not have the
characteristics of shooting stars. There was [sic] no trails . . .
they traveled faster than any shooting star I have ever seen."
Meanwhile, Albert M. Chop, the press spokesman for Project Blue
Book, arrived at National Airport and, due to security concerns,
denied several reporters' requests to photograph the radar
screens. He then joined the radar center personnel. By this time
(9:30 p.m.) the radar center was detecting unknown objects in
every sector. At times the objects traveled slowly; at other times
they reversed direction and moved across the radarscope at speeds
calculated at up to 7,000 mph (11,250 km/h). At 11:30 p.m., two
U.S. Air Force F-94 Starfire jet fighters from New Castle Air
Force Base in Delaware arrived over Washington. Captain John
McHugo, the flight leader, was vectored towards the radar blips
but saw nothing, despite repeated attempts. However, his wingman,
Lieutenant William Patterson, did see four white "glows"
and chased them. He told investigators said that "I tried to
make contact with the bogies below 1,000 feet," and that "I
was at my maximum speed but...I ceased chasing them because I saw
no chance of overtaking them." According to Albert Chop, when
ground control asked Patterson "if he saw anything",
Patterson replied "'I see them now and they're all around me.
What should I do?'...And nobody answered, because we didn't know
what to tell him." After midnight on July 27, USAF Major
Dewey Fournet, Project Blue Book's liaison at the Pentagon, and
Lt. John Holcomb, a United States Navy radar specialist, arrived
at the radar center at National Airport. During the night,
Lieutenant Holcomb received a call from the Washington National
Weather Station. They told him that a slight temperature inversion
was present over the city, but Holcomb felt that the inversion was
not "nearly strong enough to explain the 'good and solid'
returns" on the radar scopes. Fournet relayed that all those
present in the radar room were convinced that the targets were
most likely caused by solid metallic objects. There had been
weather targets on the scope too, he said, but this was a common
occurrence and the controllers "were paying no attention to
them,". Two more F-94s from New Castle Air Force Base were
scrambled during the night. One pilot saw nothing unusual; the
other pilot saw a white light which "vanished" when he
moved towards it. Civilian aircraft also reported glowing objects
that corresponded to radar blips seen by Andrews radar operators.
As on July 20, the sightings and unknown radar returns ended at
sunrise. The sightings of July 26-27 also made front-page
headlines, and led President Harry Truman to have his air force
aide call Ruppelt and ask for an explanation of the sightings and
unknown radar returns. Truman listened to the conversation between
the two men on a separate phone, but did not ask questions
himself. Ruppelt, remembering the conversation he had with Captain
James, told the president's assistant that the sightings might
have been caused by a temperature inversion, in which a layer of
warm, moist air covers a layer of cool, dry air closer to the
ground. This condition can cause radar signals to bend and give
false returns. However, Ruppelt had not yet interviewed any of the
witnesses or conducted a formal investigation. CIA historian
Gerald Haines, in his 1997 history of the CIA's involvement with
UFOs, also mentions Truman's concern. "A massive buildup of
sightings over the United States in 1952, especially in July,
alarmed the Truman administration. On 19 and 20 July, radar scopes
at Washington National Airport and Andrews Air Force Base tracked
mysterious blips. On 27 July, the blips reappeared." The CIA
would react to the 1952 wave of UFO reports by "forming a
special study group within the Office of Scientific Intelligence
(OSI) and Office of Current Intelligence (OCI) to review the
situation. Edward Tauss reported for the group that most UFO
sightings could be easily explained. Nonetheless, he recommended
that the Agency continue monitoring the problem." The CIA's
concern with the issue would lead to the creation, in January
1953, of the Robertson Panel, headed by Howard P. Robertson, an
American mathematician and physicist known for contributions
related to physical cosmology and the uncertainty principle, to
investigate the matter and to make recommendations. On Sale @ 15%
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Manfred
von Richthofen The Red Baron & WWI Aviation DVD, Download, USB
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1918: #DOTD: #RIP: Mick Mannock, Irish-British flying ace in
the Royal Flying Corps and Royal Air Force during the First World
War, one of the most decorated men in the British Armed Forces,
recipient of The Military Cross twice, one of the rare three-time
recipients of The Distinguished Service Order, and posthumous
Victoria Cross recipient (b. May 24, 1887) #dies aged 31
dogfighting too close to the ground over Calonne-sur-la-Lys,
France, days after warning fellow ace George McElroy about the
hazards of flying low into ground fire, He is buried at The Arras
Flying Services Memorial in Arras, Departement Du Pas-De-Calais,
Nord-Pas-De-Calais, France. Mick Mannock was born Edward
Corringham Mannock in Ballincollig, County Cork, Ireland to Julia
(nee Sullivan) and Edward Mannock, of English, Irish and Scottish
descent. Edward Corringham Mannock VC, DSO and Two Bars, MC and
Bar, was a pioneer of fighter aircraft tactics in aerial warfare.
At his death he had amassed 61 aerial victories, the fifth highest
scoring pilot of the war. Mannock was born in 1887 to an English
father, Edward Mannock, and an Irish mother. Mannock's father
served in the British Army and the family moved to India when
Mannock was a small child. Mannock was sickly and developed
several ailments in his formative years. Upon his return to
England he became a fervent supporter of Irish nationalism and the
Irish Home Rule movement but became a member of the Independent
Labour Party where he satisfied his interest in politics. In 1914
Mannock was working as a telephone engineer in Turkey. After the
Ottoman Empire's entry into the war on the side of the Central
Powers he was interned. Mannock was badly treated and soon fell
ill. Turkish authorities repatriated him to Britain believing him
to be unfit for war service. Mannock recovered and joined the
Royal Engineers and then Royal Army Medical Corps. He moved
services again and in 1916 joined Royal Flying Corps (RFC). After
completing his training he was assigned to No. 40 Squadron RFC.
Mannock went into combat on the Western Front participating three
separate combat tours. After a slow start he began to prove
himself as an exceptional pilot, scoring his first victory on May
7, 1917. By February 1918 Mannock had achieved 16 victories and
was appointed Flight Commander of No. 74 Squadron. He amassed 36
more victories from April 12 to June 17, 1918. After returning
from leave Mannock was appointed commanding officer of No. 85
Squadron in July 1918, and scored nine more victories that month.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Story
Of Aviation: The Story Of Icarus DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1936: The Interwar Period (The Interbellum, Between The Wars):
The Spanish Civil War: 1936 In The Spanish Civil War: German
Involvement In The Spanish Civil War: -- Nazi Germany decides to
intervene in the Spanish Civil War in support for Francisco Franco
and the Nationalist Faction as Adolf Hitler quickly sent into the
conflict powerful air and armored units to assist the
Nationalists. German involvement began nine days after fighting
broke out on July 17, 1936. The war provided combat experience
with the latest technology for the German military. However, the
intervention also posed the risk of escalating into a world war
for which Hitler was not ready. Therefore, he limited his aid, and
instead encouraged Benito Mussolini to send in large Italian
units. Nazi Germany's actions included the formation of the
multitasking Condor Legion, a unit composed of volunteers from the
Luftwaffe and the German Army (Heer) from July 1936 to March 1939.
The Condor Legion proved to be especially useful in the 1936
Battle of the Toledo. Germany moved the Army of Africa to mainland
Spain in the war's early stages. German operations slowly expanded
to include strike targets, most notably - and controversially =
the bombing of Guernica which, on April 26 1937, killed 200 to 300
civilians. Germany also used the war to test new weapons, such as
the Luftwaffe Junkers Ju 87 Stukas and Junkers Ju-52 transport
Trimotors (used also as Bombers), which showed themselves to be
effective. German involvement was further manifested through
undertakings such as Operation Ursula, a U-boat undertaking; and
contributions from the Kriegsmarine. The Legion spearheaded many
Nationalist victories, particularly in aerial combat, while Spain
further provided a proving ground for German tank tactics. The
training which German units provided to the Nationalist forces
would prove valuable. By the War's end, perhaps 56,000 Nationalist
soldiers, encompassing infantry, artillery, aerial and naval
forces, had been trained by German detachments. Hitler's policy
for Spain was shrewd and pragmatic. His instructions were clear:
"...A hundred per cent Franco's victory was not desirable
from a German point of view; rather were we interested in a
continuance of the war and in the keeping up of the tension in the
Mediterranean." Hitler wanted to help Franco just enough to
gain his gratitude and to prevent the side supported by the Soviet
Union from winning, but not large enough to give the Caudillo a
quick victory. A total of approximately 16,000 German citizens
fought in the war, with approximately 300 killed, though no more
than 10,000 participated at any one time. German aid to the
Nationalists amounted to approximately 215M USD in 1939 prices,
15.5% of which was used for salaries and expenses and 21.9% for
direct delivery of supplies to Spain, while 62.6% was expended on
the Condor Legion. In total, Germany provided the Nationalists
with 600 planes and 200 tanks. The Italians provided the "Corps
of Volunteer Troops" (Corpo Truppe Volontarie). The use of
the troops supported political goals of the German and Italian
fascist leaderships, tested new tactics and provided combat
experienc so that troops would be prepared for any future war. On
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Props And
Jets Axis Bombers Of World War II DVD MP4 Download USB Drive
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1936: The Interwar Period (The Interbellum, Between The Wars):
The Spanish Civil War: 1936 In The Spanish Civil War: Italian
Military Intervention In Spain: -- Fascist Italy decides to
intervene in the Spanish Civil War in support for Francisco Franco
and the Nationalist Faction. The Italian contribution amounted to
over 70,000 to 75,000 troops at the peak of the war. The
involvement helped to increase Mussolini's popularity. The Italian
military aid to Nationalists against the anticlerical and
anti-Catholic atrocities that eere committed by the Republicans
was exploited by Italian propaganda targeting Catholics. On July
27, 1936 the first squadron of Italian airplanes, sent by
Mussolini, arrived in Spain. The government of Fascist Italy
participated in the conflict by a body of volunteers from the
ranks of the Italian Royal Army (Regio Esercito), Royal Air Force
(Regia Aeronautica) and the Royal Navy (Regia Marina), which were
formed into an expeditionary force, the Corps of Volunteer Troops
(Corpo Truppe Volontarie, CTV). The maximum number of Italians in
Spain fighting for the Nationalists, was 50,000 in 1937. Probably,
a total of 75,000 Italians fought in Spain for the Nationalists.
Italians also served in the Spanish-Italian Flechas Brigades and
Divisions. The airborne component of Aeronautica pilots and ground
crew were known as "Aviation Legion" (Aviazione
Legionaria) and the contingent of submariners as Submarine Legion
(Sottomarini Legionari). About 6,000 Italians are estimated to
have died in the conflict. Mussolini sent massive material aid to
Italian forces in Spain that included: one cruiser, four
destroyers, and two submarines; 763 aircraft, including 64
Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 bombers, at least 90 Savoia-Marchetti SM.79
bombers, 13 Fiat BR.20 bombers, 16 Ca.310 bombers, 44 assault
planes, at least 20 seaplanes, more than 300 Fiat CR.32 fighters,
70 IMAM Ro.37 (Meridionali Ro.37 Lince) fighters, 28 Romeo 41
fighters and 10 other fighter planes, and 68 reconnaissance
planes; 1,801 artillery pieces, 1,426 heavy and medium mortars,
6,791 trucks, and 157 tanks; 320,000,000 small arms cartridges,
7,514,537 artillery rounds, 1,414 aircraft motors, 1,672 tons of
aircraft bombs and 240,747 rifles. Also, 91 Italian warships and
submarines participated in and after the war, sank about 72,800
tons of shipping and lost 38 sailors killed in action. Italy
presented a bill for 400M USD in 1939 prices to the Francoists.
Italian pilots flew 135,265 hours during the war, partook in 5,318
air raids, hit 224 Republican and other ships, engaged in 266
aerial combats reported to have shot down 903 Republican and
allied planes and lost around 180 pilots and aircrew killed in
action. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Sacrifice
At Pearl Harbor: Conspiracy Investigation MP4 Download DVD
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1941: World War II: The Pacific War (The Asia-Pacific War, The
Pacific Theater Of World War II): The Asiatic-Pacific Theater: The
South-East Asian Theater Of World War II: French Indochina in
World War II: International Trade (World Trade): Economic
Sanctions (Embargoes): The ABCD Line (Japanese: Ebishidi Rain)
(The American-British-Chinese-Dutch Line) (The ABCD Encirclement
[Japanese: Ebishidi Hoijin]) (The American-British-Chinese-Dutch
Encirclement): Tje American Seizure Of Japanese Assets: -- In a
political and economic move that will precipitate the outbreak of
The Asia-Pacific War, President Franklin Roosevelt, in response to
Japan's July 24 moving its troops through Southeast Asia to
strengthen its invasion of China -- particularly its occupation of
Cam Ranh naval base in the south of Vietnam, 800 miles from the
Philippines, where Americans had troops, and close to the British
base at Singapore -- seizes all Japanese assets in the United
States in retaliation for the Japanese occupation of French
Indo-China; the next day, Japanese troops stationed in Tonkin
occupied the southern portion of French Indochina. Given that
France had long occupied parts of the region, and Germany, a
Japanese ally, now controlled most of France through Petain's
puppet government, France "agreed" to the occupation of
its Indo-China colonies. Britain and the Dutch East Indies
followed America's lead, and likewise froze Japanese assets in
their countries, with the result that Japan lost access to
three-fourths of its overseas trade and 88 percent of its imported
oil. It was the blocking of Japan's access to oil that was the
most urgent problem from the Japanese perspective, and the
embargoing countries, knowing this would be Japan's perspective,
decided this embargo of oil would be the most effective means of
pressuring Japan; Japan's oil reserves were only sufficient to
last three years, and only half that time if it went to war and
consumed fuel at a more frenzied pace. Japan's immediate response
was to occupy Saigon, again with Vichy France's acquiescence. If
Japan could gain control of Southeast Asia, including Malaya, it
could also control the region's rubber and tin production -- a
serious blow to the West, which imported such materials from the
East. Japan was now faced with a dilemma: back off of its
occupation of Southeast Asia and hope the oil embargo would be
eased -- or seize the oil and further antagonize the West, even
into war; it was the latter choice that Japan chose, as a number
of American political and military leaders secretly hoped it would
in order to precipitate a war they saw as inevitable. The ABCD
Line was a series of embargoes against the Empire of Japan by
foreign nations, including America, Britain, China, and the Dutch.
In 1940, in an effort to discourage Japanese militarism, these
nations and others stopped selling iron ore, steel and oil to
Japan, denying it the raw materials needed to continue its
activities in China and French Indochina. In Japan, the government
and nationalists viewed these embargoes as acts of aggression;
imported oil made up about 80% of domestic consumption, without
which Japan's economy, let alone its military, would grind to a
halt. The Japanese media, influenced by military propagandists,
began to refer to the embargoes by the terms "ABCD
("American-British-Chinese-Dutch") Encirclement"
and "ABCD Line". Faced with the possibility of economic
collapse and forced withdrawal from its recent conquests, the
Japanese Imperial General Headquarters began planning for a war
with the Western powers in April 1941. This culminated in the
Japanese invasion of Malaya and Thailand, and the bombing of Pearl
Harbor in December 1941. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Summer Of
The Bomb: Why US Really Nuked Japan DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1945: The European Civil War: World War II: The Second
European War (The European Theater Of World War II): World War II
Conferences: The Potsdam Conference (July 17 - August 2, 1945)
(German: Potsdamer Konferenz; Soviet Union: The Berlin Conference
Of The Three Heads Of Government Of The USSR, USA and UK): The
Potsdam Declaration (The Proclamation Defining Terms For Japanese
Surrender): -- At the Potsdam Conference in Germany, Winston
Churchill, Harry Truman and China's representatives issue a demand
for unconditional Japanese surrender. The Potsdam Declaration, or
the Proclamation Defining Terms for Japanese Surrender, is issued
by United States President Harry S. Truman, United Kingdom Prime
Minister Winston Churchill, and Chairman of the Nationalist
Government of China Chiang Kai-shek, a statement that called for
the surrender of all Japanese armed forces during World War II,
and outlined the terms of surrender for the Empire Of Japan as
agreed upon at the Potsdam Conference. This ultimatum stated that,
if Japan did not surrender, it would face "prompt and utter
destruction". The Japanese, not realizing that these demands
were backed up by the newly invented American atomic bomb, issued
an ambiguous rejection. The Potsdam Declaration declared of its
terms for Japan's surrender that "We will not deviate from
them. There are no alternatives. We shall brook no delay."
For Japan, the terms of the declaration specified: 1) the
elimination "for all time of the authority and influence of
those who have deceived and misled the people of Japan into
embarking on world conquest"; 2) the occupation of "points
in Japanese territory to be designated by the Allies"; 3)
that the "Japanese sovereignty shall be limited to the
islands of Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku, and such minor
islands as we determine", as had been announced in the Cairo
Declaration in 1943; 4) that "the Japanese military forces,
after being completely disarmed, shall be permitted to return to
their homes with the opportunity to lead peaceful and productive
lives"; and 5) that "we do not intend that the Japanese
shall be enslaved as a race or destroyed as a nation, but stern
justice shall be meted out to all war criminals, including those
who have visited cruelties upon our prisoners". On the other
hand, the declaration offered that: 1) "The Japanese
Government shall remove all obstacles to the revival and
strengthening of democratic tendencies among the Japanese people.
Freedom of speech, of religion, and of thought, as well as respect
for the fundamental human rights shall be established."; 2)
"Japan shall be permitted to maintain such industries as will
sustain her economy and permit the exaction of just reparations in
kind, but not those which would enable her to rearm for war. To
this end, access to, as distinguished from control of, raw
materials shall be permitted. Eventual Japanese participation in
world trade relations shall be permitted."; and 3) "The
occupying forces of the Allies shall be withdrawn from Japan as
soon as these objectives have been accomplished and there has been
established, in accordance with the freely expressed will of the
Japanese people, a peacefully inclined and responsible
government.". The mention of "unconditional surrender"
came at the end of the declaration: "We call upon the
government of Japan to proclaim now the unconditional surrender of
all Japanese armed forces, and to provide proper and adequate
assurances of their good faith in such action. The alternative for
Japan is prompt and utter destruction." The Declaration was
released to the press in Potsdam on the evening of July 26 and
simultaneously transmitted to the Office of War Information (OWI)
in Washington. By 5 p.m. Washington time, OWI's West Coast
transmitters, aimed at the Japanese home islands, were
broadcasting the text in English, and two hours later began
broadcasting it in Japanese. Simultaneously, American bombers
dropped over 3 million leaflets describing the declaration over
Japan. The Declaration was never transmitted to the Japanese
government through diplomatic channels. Although picking up enemy
propaganda leaflets and listening to foreign radio broadcasts (in
Japan) was illegal, the American propaganda efforts were
successful in making the key points of the declaration known to
most Japanese. The terms of the declaration were hotly debated
within the Japanese government. Upon receiving the declaration,
Foreign Minister Shigenori Togo hurriedly met with Prime Minister
Kantaro Suzuki and Cabinet Secretary Hisatsune Sakomizu. Sakomizu
recalled that all felt the declaration must be accepted. Despite
being sympathetic to accepting the terms, Togo felt it was vague
concerning the eventual form of government for Japan, disarmament,
and the fate of accused war criminals, and still had hope that the
Soviet Union would agree to mediate negotiations with the Western
Allies to obtain clarifications and revisions of the declaration's
terms. Shortly afterwards, Togo met with Emperor Hirohito, and
advised him to treat the declaration with the utmost
circumspection, but that a reply should be postponed until the
Soviet response to the Japanese request to mediate peace. Hirohito
stated that the declaration was "acceptable in principle".
Meanwhile, the Supreme Council for the Direction of the War met
the same day to discuss the declaration. War Minister Korechika
Anami, General Yoshijiro Umezu, and Admiral Teijiro Toyoda opposed
accepting the declaration, arguing that the terms were "too
dishonorable", and advised that the Japanese government
openly reject it. Suzuki, Togo, and Admiral Mitsumasa Yonai leaned
towards accepting it, but agreed that clarification was needed
over the status of the Emperor. Togo's suggestion that the
government not respond until it received the Soviet response was
accepted. At a press conference with the Japanese press in Tokyo,
Suzuki stated that the Japanese policy towards the declaration
would be one of "mokusatsu", which the United States
interpreted to mean "to kill with silence", in other
words "to ignore", leading to a swift decision by the
Allies to carry out the threat of destruction. However, the word
can also mean "no comment", as it was apparently
intended in this case to mean. President Truman and his advisers
had mulled over the meaning of mokusatsu before making a decision.
One meaning was a matter of politeness among the upper classes. An
unacceptable offer is made, and the other person, not wanting to
offend the speaker, pretends not to have heard. The other person
realizes his mistake, and makes a better offer. The other meaning
is to view with silent contempt. The White House decided that the
second meaning was intended. After the war, Prime Minister Suzuki
stated that his words were not meant for international
consumption, nor to be taken as an official message. He had simply
tried to speak with strength, to boost the morale of the troops.
Subsequent to the White House decision, the United States Army Air
Forces dropped the first atomic bomb on the Japanese city of
Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, and then the second atomic bomb on
the Japanese city of Nagasaki three days later on August 9, 1945.
These two bombings devastated the two cities, killing an estimated
129,000-246,000 people and destroying much of the cities'
infrastructure as well as military bases and war industries in a
matter of seconds in a radius that stretched for more than 1 mile
(1.6 kilometers). In a widely broadcast speech picked up by
Japanese news agencies, President Truman warned that if Japan
failed to accept the terms of the Potsdam Declaration it could
"expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has
never been seen on this earth". As a result, Prime Minister
Suzuki felt compelled to meet the Japanese press, to whom he
reiterated his government's commitment to ignore the Allies'
demands and fight on. The extent of the Allies' demands brought
home to the Japanese leaders and people the extent of the success
Japan's enemies had achieved in the war. Subsequent to the receipt
of the Potsdam Declaration, the Japanese Government attempted to
maintain the issue of the Emperor's administrative prerogative
within the Potsdam Declaration through its surrender offer of
August 10, but in the end had to take comfort with Secretary Of
State James F. Byrnes' reply "From the moment of surrender
the authority of the Emperor and the Japanese Government to rule
the state shall be subject to the Supreme Commander of the Allied
powers who will take such steps as he deems proper to effectuate
the surrender terms." Thus, at 1200 JST on August 15, 1945,
the Emperor announced his acceptance of the Potsdam Declaration,
which culminated in the surrender documents signature on board the
USS Missouri on September 2, 1945. The radio announcement to the
Japanese people was the first time many of them had actually heard
the voice of the Emperor. On August 9, 1945, Stalin, based on a
secret agreement at the February 1945 Yalta Conference,
unilaterally abrogated the USSR's Neutrality Treaty with Japan on
April 13, 1941, and declared war on Japan on August 9, 1945,
beginning the Soviet-Japanese War. The Japanese Army, which was
underequipped and was totally unprepared, were quickly defeated in
Manchukuo (Soviet Invasion Of Manchuria). The Potsdam Declaration
was intended from the start to serve as the legal basis for
handling Japan after the war. Following the surrender of the
Japanese government and the landing of General McArthur in Japan
in September 1945, the Potsdam Declaration served as the legal
basis for occupation reforms. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Winston
Churchill: The Valiant Years TV Series DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1945: The History Of The United Kingdom: Governments Of The
United Kingdom: Elections And Referendums In The United Kingdom:
The 1945 United Kingdom General Election: The Premiership Of
Winston Churchill: The First Premiership Of Winston Churchill
(1940-1945): -- The Labour Party wins the United Kingdom General
Election by a landslide, removing Winston Churchill from power in
the midst of his attending the Potsdam Conference generally and on
the very day he along with Harry Truman and China's
representatives issue a demand for unconditional Japanese
surrender. The following September, King George VI offered
Churchill The Order Of The Garter. Churchill responded "How
can I accept The Order Of The Garter, when the people of England
have just given me The Order Of The Boot?', and declined the
honor; later, having developed a friendship with Queen Elizabeth
II, he accepted The Order Of the Garter at her request, and he was
knighted as Sir Winston on April 24, 1953. The 1945 United Kingdom
General Election was held on July 5, 1945, with polls in some
constituencies delayed until July 12 and in Nelson and Colne until
July 19, because of local wakes weeks (a holiday period in parts
of England and Scotland). The results were counted and declared on
July 26, to allow time to transport the votes of those serving
overseas. The result was an unexpected landslide victory for
Clement Attlee's Labour Party, over Winston Churchill's
Conservatives. It was the first time the Conservatives had lost
the popular vote since the 1906 election; they would not win it
again until 1955. Labour won its first majority government, and a
mandate to implement its postwar reforms. The 10.7% national swing
from the Conservative Party to the Labour Party remains the
largest ever achieved in a British general election. On Sale @ 15%
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: USS
Indianapolis: Ship Of Doom Naval Disaster Scandal MP4 Download DVD
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1945: The European Civil War: World War II: The Second
European War (The European Theater Of World War II): Nuclear
Weapons Programs Of The United States: The Manhattan Project
(Codename: Development Of Substitute Materials): Nuclear Warfare:
American Nuclear Warfare: Little Boy: The Transportation Voyage Of
Little Boy By The USS Indianapolis (CA-35): -- The United States
Navy heavy cruiser USS Indianapolis arrives at Tinian with parts
for the Urananium-235 atomic bomb "Little Boy". After
successfully delivering her cargo to Tinian, she was torpedoed and
sunk by e Imperial Japanese Navy submarine I-58. Her sinking on
July 30, 1945 led to the greatest single loss of life at sea in
the history of the U.S. Navy. Of 1,196 crewmen aboard,
approximately 300 went down with the ship. The remaining 900 faced
exposure, dehydration, saltwater poisoning, and shark attacks
while floating with few lifeboats and almost no food or water. The
Navy learned of the sinking when survivors were spotted four days
later by the crew of a PV-1 Ventura on routine patrol. Only 317
survived. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Secret
Intelligence: US Espionage History TV Series DVD MP4 USB
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1908: Intelligence And Security Agencies: Law Enforcement: Law
Enforcement In The United States: Law Enforcement Agencies: Law
Enforcement Agencies In The United States: Federal Law Enforcement
Agencies: The United States Department Of Justice (DOJ) (The
Justice Department): The Federal Bureau Of Investigation (FBI):
The History Of The Federal Bureau Of Investigation (FBI): The
Bureau Of Investigation (BOI, BI): -- United States Attorney
General Charles Joseph Bonaparte, American lawyer and political
activist for progressive and liberal causes, long time activist
for the rights of black residents of his city of Baltimore,
Maryland, and a great-nephew of French Emperor Napoleon, issues an
order to immediately create and staff "The Office Of The
Chief Examiner", using Department Of Justice expense funds to
hired thirty-four people, including some veterans of the Secret
Service, to work for the new investigative agency. The first
"Chief" (the title is now known as "Director")
of the new agency, which was ultimately named The Bureau of
Investigation, was Stanley Finch, serving from July 26, 1908 to
April 30, 1912. In 1932, the BOI was renamed the Federal Bureau of
Investigation (FBI), and J. Edgar Hoover served as its director
from 1924 to 1972. In 1896, the National Bureau of Criminal
Identification had been founded in order to provide agencies
across the country with information to identify known criminals.
The 1901 assassination of President William McKinley created a
perception that the United States was under threat from
anarchists. The Departments of Justice and Labor had been keeping
records on anarchists for years, but President Theodore Roosevelt
wanted more power to monitor them. The Justice Department had been
tasked with the regulation of interstate commerce since 1887,
though it lacked the staff to do so. It had made little effort to
relieve its staff shortage until the Oregon land fraud scandal at
the turn of the 20th Century. President Roosevelt instructed
Attorney General Charles Bonaparte to organize an autonomous
investigative service that would report only to the Attorney
General. Bonaparte reached out to other agencies, including the
U.S. Secret Service, for personnel, investigators in particular.
On May 27, 1908, the Congress forbade this use of Treasury
employees by the Justice Department, citing fears that the new
agency would serve as a secret police department. Again at
Roosevelt's urging, Bonaparte moved to organize a formal Bureau of
Investigation, which would then have its own staff of special
agents. The bureau's first official task was visiting and making
surveys of the houses of prostitution in preparation for enforcing
the "White Slave Traffic Act" or Mann Act, passed on
June 25, 1910. In 1932, the bureau was renamed the United States
Bureau of Investigation. The following year, 1933, the BOI was
linked to the Bureau of Prohibition and rechristened the Division
of Investigation (DOI) before finally becoming an independent
service within the Department Of Justice in 1935. In the same
year, its name was officially changed from the Division of
Investigation to the present day Federal Bureau of Investigation,
or FBI. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Harry S.
Truman: Days Of Decision + Bonus DVD, MP4 Download, USB Drive
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1947: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Cold
War (1947-1953): Intelligence And Security Agencies: The United
States Military (The United States Armed Forces): Military
Intelligence Of The United States: National Military Establishment
(NME): The United States Department Of Defense (DoD, USDOD, DOD):
The United States Secretary Of Defense (SecDef): The Central
Intelligence Agency (CIA) (Langley, The Company): The United
States National Security Council (NSC): The National Security
Resources Board: The United States Air Force (USAF): The Joint
Chiefs Of Staff (JCS): The National Security Act Of 1947: -- U.S.
President Harry S. Truman signs the National Security Act Of 1947
into United States law creating the Central Intelligence Agency,
United States Department of Defense, United States Air Force,
Joint Chiefs Of Staff, and the United States National Security
Council. The National Security Act Of 1947 was a law enacting
major restructuring of the United States government's military and
intelligence agencies following World War II. The majority of the
provisions of the Act took effect on September 18, 1947, the day
after the Senate confirmed James Forrestal as the first Secretary
Of Defense. The Act merged the Department of War (renamed as the
Department of the Army) and the Department of the Navy into the
National Military Establishment (NME), headed by the Secretary Of
Defense. It also created the Department of the Air Force and the
United States Air Force, which separated the Army Air Forces into
its own service. It also protected the Marine Corps as an
independent service, under the Department of the Navy. Aside from
the military reorganization, the act established the National
Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency, the U.S.'s
first peacetime non-military intelligence agency. On Sale @ 15%
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Black
Civil Rights Films: African-American History DVD, MP4, USB Stick
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1948: Civil Rights Movements: The American Civil Rights
Movement (1896-1954) (The Jim Crow Era): The African American
History Of The United States Military: The Executive Orders Of
Harry S. Truman: Executive Order 9981 (EO 9981): -- U.S. President
Harry S. Truman signs Executive Order 9981, desegregating the
military of the United States. Executive Order 9981 abolished
discrimination "on the basis of race, color, religion or
national origin" in the United States Armed Forces. This
executive order ultimately led to the end segregation in U.S.
services during the conduct of the Korean War and thereafter.
Blacks in the military worked under different rules that delayed
their entry into combat. They had to wait four years before they
could begin combat training while a white American would begin
training within months of being qualified. The Air Corps was
deliberately delaying the training of African Americans even
though it needed more manpower (Survey and Recommendations). The
Women's Army Corps (WAC) reenlistment program was open to black
women, but overseas assignments were not. In a 1945 survey
conducted among 250 white officers and sergeants who had a colored
platoon assigned to their company the following results were
found: 77% of both officers and sergeants said they had become
more favorable towards black soldiers after having a black platoon
assigned to their company (no cases were found where someone said
their attitude towards them had turned less favorable), 84% of
officers and 81% of sergeants thought the black soldiers had
performed very well in combat, only 5% of officers and 4% of
sergeants thought that black infantry soldiers were not as good as
white infantry soldiers, and 73% of officers and 60% of sergeants
thought that black soldiers and white soldiers got along together
very well. According to this particular survey there are no
reasonable grounds for racial segregation in the armed forces. In
1947, A. Philip Randolph, along with colleague Grant Reynolds,
renewed efforts to end discrimination in the military, forming the
Committee Against Jim Crow in Military Service and Training, later
renamed the League for Non-Violent Civil Disobedience Against
Military Segregation. Truman's Order expanded on Executive Order
8802 (which prohibited ethnic or racial discrimination in the
nation's defense industry) by establishing equality of treatment
and opportunity in the military for people of all races,
religions, or national origins. The order also established a
committee to investigate and make recommendations to the civilian
leadership of the military to implement the policy. The order
eliminated Montford Point as a segregated Marine boot camp. It
became a satellite facility of Camp Lejeune. Most of the actual
enforcement of the order was accomplished by President Dwight D.
Eisenhower's administration (1953-1961), including the
desegregation of military schools, hospitals, and bases. The last
of the all-black units in the United States military was abolished
in September 1954. Kenneth Claiborne Royall, Secretary of the Army
since 1947, was forced into retirement in April 1949 for
continuing to refuse to desegregate the army nearly a year after
President Truman's Order. Fifteen years after Truman's order, on
July 26, 1963, Secretary Of Defense Robert McNamara issued
Directive 5120.36 encouraging military commanders to employ their
financial resources against facilities used by soldiers or their
families that discriminated based upon sex or race. In
contravention to Truman's executive order, the United States
complied with a non-public request from the Icelandic government
not to station black soldiers on the US base in Keflavik, Iceland.
The United States complied with the Icelandic request until the
1970s and 1980s when black soldiers began to be stationed in
Iceland. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The War In
Korea 2 Part TV Series w/ Kirk Douglas DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1950: Korea: The History Of Korea: The Aftermath Of World War
II: The Cold War: The Korean Conflict: The Cold War (1947-1953):
The Cold War In Asia: The Korean War: War Crimes: Massacres Of The
Korean War: The No Gun Ri Massacre (July 26-29, 1950) (Korean:
Nogeunli Yangmin Hagsal Sageon): -- The four-day mass killing of
South Korean refugees by U.S. military air and ground fire near
the village of Nogeun-ri in central South Korea, The No Gun Ri
massacre, begins; it ends when the US Army 7th Cavalry Regiment is
withdrawn. In 2005, a South Korean government inquest certified
the names of 163 dead or missing and 55 wounded, and added that
many other victims' names were not reported. The No Gun Ri Peace
Foundation estimates 250-300 were killed, mostly women and
children. The incident was little-known outside Korea until
publication of an Associated Press (AP) story in 1999 in which
veterans of the U.S. Army unit involved, the 7th Cavalry Regiment,
corroborated survivors' accounts. The AP also uncovered
declassified U.S. Army orders to fire on approaching civilians
because of reports of North Korean infiltration of refugee groups.
In 2001, the United States Army conducted an investigation and,
after previously rejecting survivors' claims, acknowledged the
killings, but described the three-day event as "an
unfortunate tragedy inherent to war and not a deliberate killing".
Then-President Bill Clinton issued a statement of regret, adding
the next day that "things happened which were wrong",
but survivors' demands for an apology and compensation were
rejected. South Korean investigators disagreed with the U.S.
report, saying they believed that 7th Cavalry troops were ordered
to fire on the refugees. The survivors' group called the U.S.
report a "whitewash". The AP later discovered additional
archival documents showing that U.S. commanders ordered troops to
"shoot" and "fire on" civilians at the war
front during this period; these declassified documents had been
found but not disclosed by the Pentagon investigators. Among the
undisclosed documents was a letter from the U.S. ambassador in
South Korea stating that the U.S. military had adopted a
theater-wide policy of firing on approaching refugee groups.
Despite demands, the U.S. investigation was not reopened. Prompted
by the exposure of No Gun Ri, survivors of similar alleged
incidents from 1950-51 filed reports with the Seoul government. In
2008, an investigative commission said more than 200 cases of
alleged large-scale killings by the U.S. military had been
registered, mostly air attacks. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Outer
Space Films 4 Apollo 11 Live TV Coverage DVD, Download, USB
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1971: Rocket Launches: The History Of Rocketry: The History Of
Spaceflight: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The
Space Age: The Space Race: Space Programs Of The United States:
Human Spaceflight Programs: The Discovery And Exploration Of The
Solar System: Missions To The Moon: Project Apollo: Apollo 15
(AS-15): -- Apollo 15 is launched at 13:34:00.6 UTC atop a Saturn
V super heavy lift launch vehicle from the Kennedy Space Center
Launch Complex 39 (LC-39) with Astronauts David Scott, James Irwin
and Alfred Worden aboard. Apollo 15 was the ninth manned mission
in the United States' Apollo program, the fourth to land on the
Moon, the first to use a Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) and the eighth
successful manned mission. It was the first of what were termed
"J-Missions" (longer three-day stays using an Extended
Lunar Module weighing 2,900 pounds heaver than the initial LM
model, with three LEVAs and a Lunar Roving Vehicle (Apollo 15,
Apollo 16, Apollo 17)), with a greater focus on science than had
been possible on previous missions. It was also the first mission
on which the Lunar Roving Vehicle, or Lunar Rover, was used. A
recording of the launch was included in the Sounds of Earth
carried by the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 space probes. The mission
began on July 26, 1971, and ended on August 7. At the time, NASA
called it the most successful manned flight ever achieved.
Commander David Scott and Lunar Module Pilot James Irwin spent
three days on the Moon, including 18 1/2 hours outside the
spacecraft on lunar extra-vehicular activity (EVA). The mission
landed near Hadley Rille, in an area of the Mare Imbrium called
Palus Putredinus (Marsh of Decay). The crew explored the area
using the first lunar rover, which allowed them to travel much
farther from the Lunar Module (LM) than had been possible on
missions without the rover. They collected 77 kilograms (170 lb)
of lunar surface material. At the same time, Command Module Pilot
Alfred Worden orbited the Moon, using a Scientific Instrument
Module (SIM) in the Service Module (SM) to study the lunar surface
and environment in great detail with a panoramic camera, a
gamma-ray spectrometer, a mapping camera, a laser altimeter, a
mass spectrometer, and a lunar subsatellite deployed at the end of
Apollo 15's stay in lunar orbit (an Apollo program first). The
mission successfully accomplished its objectives, but was marred
by negative publicity that accompanied disclosure of the crew
carrying unauthorized postage stamps which they had planned to
sell after their return. Ironically, this mission was one of very
few that had been honored with the issue of a commemorative US
stamp, with this first use of a lunar rover happening one decade
after the first Mercury astronaut launch. On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Occult
History Of The Third Reich DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1882: Aesthetics: Performing Arts: Premieres: Theatre
Premieres: Musical Premieres: Opera Premieres: -- Richard Wagner's
opera Parsifal opens at the second Bayreuth Festspiel (Bayreuth
Festival) in the Bayreuth Festspielhaus (Bayreuth Festival
Theatre, now known as the Richard-Wagner-Festspielhaus) in
Bayreuth in northern Bavaria, Germany. Parsifal (WWV 111) is an
opera in three acts loosely based on Parzival, a 13th-century epic
poem of the Arthurian knight Parzival (Percival) and his quest for
the Holy Grail (12th century), written by Wolfram von Eschenbach,
a German knight, poet and composer, regarded as one of the
greatest epic poets of medieval German literature, who as a
Minnesinger also wrote lyric poetry. Wagner conceived the work in
April 1857, but did not finish it until 25 years later. It was his
last completed opera, and in composing it he took advantage of the
particular acoustics of his Bayreuth Festspielhaus. Parsifal was
first produced in 1882. The Bayreuth Festival maintained a
monopoly on Parsifal productions until 1903, when the opera was
performed at the Metropolitan Opera in New York. Wagner described
Parsifal not as an opera, but as Ein Buhnenweihfestspiel ("A
Festival Play for the Consecration of the Stage"). At
Bayreuth a tradition has arisen that audiences do not applaud at
the end of the first act. Wagner's spelling of Parsifal instead of
the Parzival that he had used up to 1877 is informed by one of the
theories about the name Percival, according to which it is of
Arabic origin, Parsi (or Parseh) Fal meaning "pure (or poor)
fool". On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
American Diary: US History 1895-1933 TV Series DVD MP4 USB Drive
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1934: #DOTD: #RIP: Winsor McCay, American illustrator,
cartoonist, animator and Freemason (b. September 26, 1867?) #dies
in New York City of a cerebral embolism, aged 63-68. Earlier that
day, he complained to his wife of a severe head-ache. To his
horror, he found his right arm-his drawing arm-was paralyzed. He
lost consciousness and was pronounced dead later that afternoon,
with his wife, children, and son-in-law by his side. He had a
Masonic funeral in his home, attended by his newspaper colleagues,
Hearst and his son, and the Society Of Illustrators, among others.
He is buried at the Cemetery Of The Evergreens in Brooklyn in a
family plot. Due to his lavish life-style, McCay left a smaller
fortune than those around him had expected. By the early 1940s,
Maude had used up her inheritance and sold the house on Voorhies
Avenue. When she died of a heart attack on March 2, 1949, she was
living with her daughter and son-in-law. Son Robert was also
careless with his inheritance, and less successful in art than his
father. He worked for a short time at the Hearst papers, and tried
unsuccessfully to get a job at the Disney studios, before finding
a career as illustrator for Training Aids/Special Services at Fort
Ord. Winsor McCay was born Zenas Winsor McCay in either Spring
Lake, Michigan, or Canada (his birth date, birth year and place of
birth disputed). He is best known for the comic strip Little Nemo
(1905-14; 1924-26) and the animated film Gertie the Dinosaur
(1914). For contractual reasons, he worked under the pen name
Silas on the comic strip Dream of the Rarebit Fiend. From a young
age, McCay was a quick, prolific, and technically dextrous artist.
He started his professional career making posters and performing
for dime museums, and in 1898 began illustrating newspapers and
magazines. In 1903 he joined the New York Herald, where he created
popular comic strips such as Little Sammy Sneeze and Dream of the
Rarebit Fiend. In 1905 his signature strip Little Nemo in
Slumberland debuted-a fantasy strip in an Art Nouveau style about
a young boy and his adventurous dreams. The strip demonstrated
McCay's strong graphic sense and mastery of color and linear
perspective. McCay experimented with the formal elements of the
comic strip page, arranging and sizing panels to increase impact
and enhance the narrative. McCay also produced numerous detailed
editorial cartoons and was a popular performer of chalk talks on
the vaudeville circuit. McCay was an early animation pioneer;
between 1911 and 1921 he self-financed and animated ten films,
some of which survive only as fragments. The first three served in
his vaudeville act; Gertie the Dinosaur was an interactive routine
in which McCay appeared to give orders to a trained dinosaur.
McCay and his assistants worked for twenty-two months on his most
ambitious film, The Sinking of the Lusitania (1918), a patriotic
recreation of the German torpedoing in 1915 of the RMS Lusitania.
Lusitania did not enjoy as much commercial success as the earlier
films, and McCay's later movies attracted little attention. His
animation, vaudeville, and comic strip work was gradually
curtailed as newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst, his
employer since 1911, expected McCay to devote his energies to
editorial illustrations. In his drawing, McCay made bold,
prodigious use of linear perspective, particularly in detailed
architecture and cityscapes. He textured his editorial cartoons
with copious fine hatching, and made color a central element in
Little Nemo. His comic strip work has influenced generations of
cartoonists and illustrators. The technical level of McCay's
animation-its naturalism, smoothness, and scale-was unmatched
until the work of Fleischer Studios in the late 1920s, followed by
Walt Disney's feature films in the 1930s. He pioneered
inbetweening, the use of registration marks, cycling, and other
animation techniques that were to become standard. On Sale @ 15%
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Glenn
Miller Radio Shows Big Band Swing Jazz MP3 CD Download USB Drive
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1914: #BOTD: #HBD! Erskine Hawkins, African American jazz
trumpet player and bandleader from Birmingham, Alabama, known by
the monniker "The 20th Century Gabriel", most remembered
for composing the jazz standard "Tuxedo Junction" (1939)
with saxophonist and arranger Bill Johnson (d. November 11, 1993)
is #born Erskine Ramsay Hawkins in Birmingham, Alabama, named
after Alabama industrialist Erskine Ramsay, who was rewarding
parents with savings accounts for them for doing so, in
Birmingham, Alabama. Erskine Hawkins is most remembered for
composing the jazz standard "Tuxedo Junction" (1939)
with saxophonist and arranger Bill Johnson. The song became a
popular hit during World War II, rising to No. 7 nationally
(version by the Erskine Hawkins Orchestra) and to No. 1 nationally
(version by the Glenn Miller Orchestra). Vocalists who were
featured with Erskine's orchestra include Ida James, Delores
Brown, and Della Reese. Erskine Hawkins died at his home in
Willingboro Township, New Jersey in November 1993, after a brief
visit with his sister in Alabama before he was able to return to
resume playing with his band at the Concord at the age of 79. He
is buried in Elmwood Cemetery, alongside his sister, in
Birmingham, Alabama. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Armed
Forces Radio Presents Jubilee! WWII Radio DVD, MP3 Download, USB
Today, July 26, 2024
(#JCKaelin
here: From September 1945 to January 1946 - the aftermath months
of WWII - the race record "The Honeydripper" was the
greatest hit song on the R & B charts. It exudes Black
American confidence that existed for this short time after the
war, before the fight for civil rights was joined yet again. But
for all that, this record is really, in addition to all that, one
of the greatest records on the planet :D ) AND... the refrain of
Joe Liggins' song "Yeah Yeah Yeah" is INDENTICAL to that
of The Beatles' "She Loves You (Yeah Yeah Yeah)"!)
========= July 26, 1987: #DOTD: #RIP: Joe Liggins, African
American R & B, jazz and blues songwriter, pianist and
vocalist who led Joe Liggins and his Honeydrippers in the 1940s
and 1950s (b. July 9, 1916) #dies of a stroke, in Lynwood,
California, at the age of 71. His burial details are not publicly
disclosed. He was born Theodro Elliott in Seminole, Oklahoma to
Harriett and Elijah Elliott, and took his stepfather's surname,
Liggins, as a child. He apparently dropped the name Theodro and
adopted the names Joseph Christopher during the 1930s, making his
full name Joseph Christopher Liggins, Jr. . His band appeared
often on the Billboard magazine charts. The band's biggest hit was
"The Honeydripper", which topped the US Billboard R &
B chart (at that time called the "Race Records" chart)
for 18 weeks, during the aftermath months of World War II from
September 1945 to January 1946. Joe Liggins' song "Yeah Yeah
Yeah" served as an inspiration for The Beatles song "She
Loves You". Joe Liggins was the older brother of R & B
band leader and guitarist Jimmy Liggins. On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: WABC Radio
Airchecks MP3 Collection 1960s-1980s DVD, MP3 Download, USB
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1940: #BOTD: #HBD! Dobie Gray, African American singer,
songwriter and record producer whose musical career spanned soul,
country, pop, and musical theater (d. December 6, 2011) is #born
in Simonton, Texas, most likely with the name Lawrence Darrow
Brown, as it's listed in Fort Bend County;s birth records; other
sources suggest he may have been born Leonard Victor Ainsworth, a
name he used on some early recordings. His hit records included
the iconic "The 'In' Crowd" in 1965, and "Drift
Away", which was one of the biggest hits of 1973, selling
over one million copies, and remains a staple of radio airplay.
Gray died of complications from cancer surgery in Nashville,
Tennessee, aged 71. His remains are buried at Woodlawn Memorial
Park And Mausoleum in Nashville, Tennessee. Upon his passing, he
bequeathed 100% of his musical assets and royalties in trust to
benefit St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and the Tennessee
School for the Blind. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Offshore
Pirate Radio 1960s-1980s MP3s DVD, Audio Download, USB Drive
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1941: #BOTD: #HBD! Brenton Wood, African American singer and
songwriter, known for his three 1967 hit singles, "The Oogum
Boogum Song" (peaking at No. 34 on the US Billboard Hot 100),
"Gimme Little Sign" (peaking at No. 9), and "Baby
You Got It" (also peaking at No. 34) is #born Alfred Jesse
Smith in Shreveport, Louisiana. His family moved to San Pedro in
Los Angeles, California, when Wood was a child. He attended San
Pedro High School for part of his first year before moving to
Compton, where Brenton became a member of the Compton High School
track team and received several awards for his athletic
achievements. Following his high school graduation, Wood enrolled
in East Los Angeles College. Soon after, he took the stage name
Brenton Wood, possibly inspired by the wealthy Los Angeles enclave
of Brentwood (some sources state that the name is in honor of his
"home county"), with a second possible connection of
Bretton Woods. During this period, his musical interests began to
manifest themselves. He was inspired by Jesse Belvin and Sam
Cooke, and he began cultivating his songwriting skills, also
becoming a competent pianist. Early singles for Brent Records and
Wand Records failed to chart. Wood signed with Double Shot
Records, and his novelty song "The Oogum Boogum Song"
reached No. 19 on the US Billboard R & B chart and No. 34 on
the Billboard Hot 100 in the spring of 1967. In Southern
California, "The Oogum Boogum Song" hit the top 10 on
KGB-FM and No. 1 on KHJ. Wood's biggest hit came a few months
later, as "Gimme Little Sign" hit No. 9 on the pop
chart, No. 19 on the R & B charts, No. 2 on KHJ, and No. 8 in
the UK Singles Chart; sold over one million copies; and was
awarded a gold disc. The title is not actually sung in the song;
the chorus instead repeats "Give Me Some Kind of Sign".
Wood's "Baby You Got It" (1967) peaked at No. 34 on the
Hot 100 during the last week of 1967 and No. 3 on KHJ on January
31, 1968. His backing band during the 1960s was the LA-based Kent
and The Candidates, which was led by drummer Kent Sprague. They
also recorded several singles for the Double Shot label. In 1972
Wood formed his own record label and released, co-produced and
co-wrote the Funk Soul classic "Sticky Boom Boom [Too Cold]
Part I and II" with collaborators George Semper (co-producer,
arranger) and Al McKay (co-writer, performer) of Earth, Wind &
Fire fame. Wood recorded a duet with Shirley Goodman. Wood
recorded the single, "Rainin' Love (You Gotta Feel It)"
which was released on Midget M-101 in 1975. Along with "Bump
Me Baby" by Dooley Silverspoon, "The Mighty Clouds of
Joy" by Mighty Clouds of Joy, "Come on Down (Get Your
Head Out of the Clouds)" by Greg Perry etc., it was a
Newcomer Pick. With a positive review by the magazine, it was
predicted to case quite a stir. His next solo song to reach the
charts was "Come Softly to Me" in 1977. He returned
again in 1986 with the album Out of the Woodwork, which included
contemporary re-recordings of his early hits, along with several
new tracks, including the single, "Soothe Me." His album
This Love Is for Real came out in 2001. Among his later
appearances was in 2006 on the Los Angeles public access program
Thee Mr. Duran Show, where Wood and his band performed several of
his hit singles. In 2014, he partnered with William Pilgrim &
The All Grows Up for a remake of the song "Gimme Little Sign"
on their album, Epic Endings. In 2019, "The Oogum Boogum
Song" was used in a commercial for Kinder Joy products. In
2024, Brenton Wood announced his farewell tour Catch You On The
Rebound: The Last Tour. Wood was hospitalized in May 2024, pausing
his tour. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: 25x5: The
Continuing Adventures Of The Rolling Stones DVD, MP4, USB
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1943: #BOTD: #HBD! Mick Jagger, English singer-songwriter,
musician, composer and actor who gained fame as the lead singer
and one of the founding members of the Rolling Stones, is #born
Michael Philip Jagger into a middle-class family in Dartford,
Kent, England to Basil Fanshawe "Joe" Jagger, a gymnast
and physical education teacher who helped popularise basketball in
Britain, and Eva Ensley Mary (nee Scutts), born in Sydney but of
English descent, a hairdresser who was politically active in the
British Conservative Party. Jagger's younger brother, Chris (born
December 19, 1947), is also a musician, and the two have performed
together. Sir Michael Philip Jagger's career has spanned over five
decades, and he has been described as "one of the most
popular and influential frontmen in the history of rock and roll".
His distinctive voice and performances, along with Keith Richards'
guitar style have been the trademark of the Rolling Stones
throughout the band's career. Jagger gained press notoriety for
his admitted drug use and romantic involvements, and was often
portrayed as a countercultural figure. Jagger was born and grew up
in Dartford, Kent. He studied at the London School of Economics
before abandoning his academic career to join the Rolling Stones.
Jagger has written most of the Rolling Stones' songs together with
Richards, and they continue to collaborate musically. In the late
1960s, Jagger began acting in films (starting with Performance and
Ned Kelly), to a mixed reception. He began a solo career in 1985,
releasing his first album, She's the Boss, and joined the electric
supergroup SuperHeavy in 2009. Relationships with the Stones'
members, particularly Richards, deteriorated during the 1980s, but
Jagger has always found more success with the band than with his
solo and side projects. In 1989, Jagger was inducted into the Rock
and Roll Hall of Fame, and in 2004 into the UK Music Hall of Fame
with the Rolling Stones. As member of the Stones, and as solo
artist, he reached number one on the UK and US singles charts with
13 singles, the Top 10 with 32 singles and the Top 40 with 70
singles. In 2003, he was knighted for his services to popular
music. Jagger has been married (and divorced) once, and has also
had several other relationships. Jagger has eight children with
five women. He also has five grandchildren, and became a
great-grandfather on 19 May 2014, when his daughter Jade's
daughter, Assisi, gave birth to a daughter. Jagger's net worth has
been estimated at 360M USD. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Jean
Shepherd Radio Shows All Known To Exist DVD, MP3 Download, USB
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1921: #BOTD: #HBD! Jean Shepherd, American ranconteur
(storyteller) radio and TV host and personality, author, short
story writer, actor and screenwriter (d. October 16, 1999) is
#born Jean Parker Shepherd, Jr on the south side of Chicago,
Illinois. He was often referred to by the nickname Shep. With a
career that spanned decades, Shepherd is known to modern audiences
for the film A Christmas Story (1983), which he narrated and
co-scripted, based on his own semi-autobiographical stories, which
served as the inspiration for the Television series The Wonder
Years (1988-1993); however, it is his legacy as a radio show host
that ranks as his most outstanding achievement. He died in a
hospital in Fort Myers, Florida, in 1999, of natural causes at the
age of 78. His remains were cremated, and his ashes were scattered
over the Atlantic Ocean. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Brave New
World TV Special DVD, MP4 Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1894: #BOTD: #HBD! Aldous Huxley, English novelist,
philosopher and mystic (d. November 22, 1963) is #born Aldous
Leonard Huxley in Godalming, Surrey, England, the third son of the
writer and schoolmaster Leonard Huxley, who edited The Cornhill
Magazine, and his first wife, Julia Arnold, who founded Prior's
Field School. Aldous Huxley wrote nearly fifty books, both novels
and non-fiction works, as well as wide-ranging essays, narratives,
and poems. Born into the prominent Huxley family, he graduated
from Balliol College, Oxford with an undergraduate degree in
English literature. Early in his career, he published short
stories and poetry and edited the literary magazine Oxford Poetry,
before going on to publish travel writing, satire, and
screenplays. He spent the latter part of his life in the United
States, living in Los Angeles from 1937 until his death. By the
end of his life, Huxley was widely acknowledged as one of the
foremost intellectuals of his time. He was nominated for the Nobel
Prize in Literature seven times and was elected Companion of
Literature by the Royal Society of Literature in 1962. Huxley was
a pacifist. He grew interested in philosophical mysticism and
universalism, addressing these subjects with works such as The
Perennial Philosophy (1945), which illustrates commonalities
between Western and Eastern mysticism, and The Doors Of Perception
(1954), which interprets his own psychedelic experience with
mescaline. In his most famous novel Brave New World (1932) and his
final novel Island (1962), he presented his vision of dystopia and
utopia, respectively. Aldous Huxley died of advanced laryngeal
cancer at aged 69 at 5:20 p.m. Los Angeles time; on his deathbed,
unable to speak, Huxley made a written request to his wife Laura
for "LSD, 100 g, intramuscular." According to her
account of his death in This Timeless Moment, she obliged with an
injection at 11:20 a.m. and a second dose an hour later. He is
buried at Compton Village Cemetery in Compton, Guildford Borough,
Surrey, England. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Day
After 1983 Nuclear Holocaust Drama DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1922: #BOTD: #HBD! Jason Robards, American stage, film, and
television actor (d. December 26, 2000) is #born Jason Nelson
Robards Jr. in Chicago, Illinois into a family of German, English,
Welsh, Irish, and Swedish descent, the son of actor Jason Robards
Sr. (1892-1963) and Hope Maxine Robards (nee Glanville;
1895-1992). Jason Robards a winner of the Tony Award, two Academy
Awards and an Emmy Award. He was also a United States Navy combat
veteran of World War II. He became famous playing works of
American playwright Eugene O'Neill and regularly performed in
O'Neill's works throughout his career. Robards was cast both in
common-man roles and as well-known historical figures. Jason
Robards died of lung cancer in Bridgeport, Connecticut, aged 78.
His remains are buried at Oak Lawn Cemetery in Fairfield,
Connecticut. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Incas
Remembered: Historical Documentary DVD, MP4, USB Stick
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1533: #DOTD: #RIP: Atahualpa [Atawallpa (Quechua), also
Atabalica, Atahuallpa, Atabalipa (in Hispanicized spellings)], the
last Inca Emperor (b. 1497, birth date unknown) #dies when he is
executed by the Spanish. He was buried on August 29, 1533; the
exact location of Atahualpa's grave is unknown, but there is a
consensus of opinion that it is at Malqui-Machay in Ecuador. After
several months in fear of an imminent attack from the Inca
Resistance general Ruminahui, the outnumbered Spanish considered
Atahualpa to be too much of a liability and decided to execute
him. Pizarro staged a mock trial and found Atahualpa guilty of
revolting against the Spanish, practicing idolatry, and
murderinghis brother Huascar. Atahualpa was sentenced to death by
burning at the stake. He was horrified, since the Inca believed
that the soul would not be able to go on to the afterlife if the
body were burned. Friar Vincente de Valverde, who had earlier
offered his breviary to Atahualpa, intervened, telling Atahualpa
that, if he agreed to convert to Catholicism, the friar could
convince Pizarro to commute the sentence. Atahualpa agreed to be
baptized into the Catholic faith. He was given the name Francisco
Atahualpa in honor of Francisco Pizarro. On the morning of his
death, Atahualpa was interrogated by his Spanish captors about his
birthplace. Atahualpa declared that his birthplace was in what the
Incas called the Kingdom of Quito, in a place called Caranqui
(today located 2 km southeast of Ibarra, Ecuador). Most
chroniclers suggest that Atahualpa was born in what the Incas used
to call the Kingdom of Quito, though other stories suggest various
other birthplaces. In accordance with his request, he was executed
by strangling with a garrote on July 26, 1533. His clothes and
some of his skin was burned, and his remains were given a
Christian burial on August 28, 1533. Atahualpa was succeeded by
his brother Tupac Huallpa, and later by another brother, Manco
Inca. After defeating his brother, Atahualpa became very briefly
the last Sapa Inca (sovereign emperor) of the Inca Empire
(Tawantinsuyu) before the Spanish conquest ended his reign. Before
the Inca Emperor Huayna Capac died in Quito in 1524 (possibly due
to smallpox, a disease brought by Europeans), he had appointed his
son Ninan Cuyochi as his successor. Ninan died of the same
disease. The Cusquenian nobles named Huascar (another son of
Huayna) as Sapa Inca, and he appointed his brother Atahualpa as
governor of Quito. The Inca Civil War began in 1529 when Huascar
declared war on Atahualpa, for fear that he would try to carry out
a coup d'etat against him. Atahualpa became Inca emperor in May
1532 after he had defeated and imprisoned Huascar and massacred
any pretenders to the throne. The Spaniard Francisco Pizarro
captured Atahualpa in November 1532 and used him to control the
Inca Empire. While imprisoned by the Spaniards, Atahualpa gave
orders to kill Huascar in Jauja, thinking Huascar would use the
Spaniards as allies to regain his throne. The Spanish eventually
executed Atahualpa, effectively ending the empire. A succession of
emperors, who led the Inca resistance against the invading
Spaniards, claimed the title of Sapa Inca as rulers of the
Neo-Inca State, but the empire began to disintegrate after
Atahualpa's death. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Fidel
Castro Documentaries DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1953: Cuba: The History Of Cuba: The Cuban Revolution: The
26th Of July Movement (Spanish: Movimiento 26 Julio (M 26-7): --
Fidel Castro's revolution, which he calls The 26th Of July
Movement, begins The Cuban Revolution as he leads a small group of
revolutionaries in an attack on the Moncada Barracks. The attack
failed and the surviving revolutionaries were imprisoned;
nevertheless, this attack marks the beginning of the Cuban
Revolution that ultimately drove out dictator Fulgencio Batista on
January 12, 1959. The Moncada Barracks was a military barracks in
Santiago de Cuba, named after the General Guillermon Moncada, a
hero of the Cuban War of Independence. Although he once declared
that Cuba would never again be ruled by a dictator, Castro's
government became a Communist dictatorship. On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
American Adventure: TV History Series 1607-1876 DVD MP4 USB Drive
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1863: #DOTD: #RIP: Sam Houston, American general and
politician, 7th Governor of Texas (b. March 2, 1793) #dies of
pneumonia with his wife, Margaret, by his side in his Steamboat
House home in Huntsville, Texas, Confederate States Of America,
aged 70; his last recorded words were, "Texas. Texas.
Margaret." Houston did everything possible to prevent
secession and war, but his first loyalty was to Texas, and the
South. Houston refused offers of troops from the United States to
keep Texas in the Union and announced on May 10, 1861 that he
would stand with the Confederacy in its war effort. In the midst
of the Civil War, Houston was shunned by many Texas leaders,
though he continued to correspond with Confederate officer Ashbel
Smith and Texas governor Francis Lubbock. His son, Sam Houston,
Jr., served in the Confederate army during the Civil War, but
returned home after being wounded at the April 6-7, 1862 Battle Of
Shiloh. Houston's health suffered a precipitous decline that same
month, and over the next few months he developed a persistent
cough, until in mid-July, Houston was struck with a severe chill
which progressed into the pneumonia that killed him. He is buried
at Oakwood Cemetery in Huntsville, Walker County, Texas. Sam
Houston was born Samuel Houston at Timber Ridge Plantation in
Rockbridge County, Virginia. He was of Scots-Irish descent. After
moving to Tennessee after his father died, he spent time with the
Cherokee Nation, into which he later was adopted as a citizen and
into which he married. He performed military service during the
War Of 1812 and successfully participated in Tennessee politics.
In 1827, Houston was elected Governor of Tennessee as a
Jacksonian. In 1829, he resigned as governor and relocated to the
Arkansas Territory. In 1832, Houston was involved in an
altercation with a U.S. Congressman, followed by a high-profile
trial. Shortly afterwards, he moved west to Coahuila y Tejas, then
a Mexican state, and became a leader of the Texas Revolution. His
victory at the Battle of San Jacinto, fought on April 21, 1836,
the decisive battle of the Texas Revolution between General
Houston's Texian Army General Santa Anna's Mexican army that
lasted just 18 minutes, secured the independence of Texas from
Mexico in one of the shortest decisive battles in modern history.
After the war, Houston became a key figure in Texas and was
elected as the first and third President of the Republic of Texas.
He supported annexation by the United States and he became a U.S.
Senator upon achieving it in 1845, and finally a governor of the
State of Texas in 1859, whereby Houston became the only person to
have become the governor of two different U.S. states through
popular election, as well as the only state governor to have been
a foreign head of state. He was also the only governor within a
future Confederate state to oppose secession, which led to the
outbreak of the American Civil War, and to refuse an oath of
allegiance to the Confederacy, a decision that led to his removal
from office by the Texas secession convention. To avoid bloodshed,
he refused an offer of a Union army to put down the Confederate
rebellion. Instead, he retired to Huntsville, Texas, where he died
before the end of the war. Houston's name has been honored in
numerous ways. He is the namesake of the city of Houston, Texas's
most populous city and the fourth most populous city in the U.S.
Other things named for Sam Houston include Sam Houston State
University, a memorial museum, the USS Sam Houston (SSBN-609)
naval vessel, Fort Sam Houston, Sam Houston National Forest, a
historical park, an elementary school in Lebanon, TN (Sam Houston
Elementary), a prominent roadside statue outside of Huntsville,
and major streets in many Texas cities. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Last
Cause Spanish Civil War TV Series + Bonus MP4 Download DVD
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1937: The Interwar Period (The Interbellum, Between The Wars):
The Spanish Civil War: 1937 In The Spanish Civil War: The Battle
Of Brunete: -- The Republicans led by Jose Miaja are forced by the
Nationalists led by Jose Enrique Varela to retreat from Brunete, a
town located on the outskirts of Madrid, bringing to an end the
Battle Of Brunete, fought 15 miles west of Madrid. It was a
Republican attempt to alleviate the pressure exerted by the
Nationalists on the capital and on Cantabria in the north during
the Spanish Civil War. Although initially successful, it was a
pyrrhic victory; the Republicans were forced to retreat from
Brunete and suffered devastating casualties from the battle.
During the final days of the battle there were clear signs of the
morale cracking on the Republican side, due to both exhaustion and
the often terrible losses. Even among the volunteer International
Brigades there were grumbling, insubordination and outright
desertion. Brunete was situated on the Extremadura road, and its
capture would make it harder for the Nationalists to resupply
their forces besieging Madrid, perhaps even forcing them to
withdraw. At the close of the battle, though the Republicans
failed to cut the Extremadura road, they still held their
positions at adjacent municipalities at Villanueva de la Canada,
Quijorna and Villanueva del Pardillo. From this point of view,
both sides were able to claim victory. Nevertheless, despite heavy
Nationalist losses, the Republican army lost much of its
indispensable equipment and many of their best soldiers in the
International Brigades, so that the battle can be seen as a
strategic Nationalist victory. The frenetic conditions at Brunete
for the Nationalists enabled the Germans to acquire favorable
trade concessions because of the effectiveness of the Condor
Legion, who were heavily involved in the battle. The Nationalists
granted most favored nation status to Germany and acquiesced in
sending raw materials to Germany as repayment for the debt
incurred. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Divided Union: American Civil War TV Series DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1863: The American Civil War (The Civil War, The War Between
The States): The Eastern Theater Of The American Civil War:
Morgan's Raid (The Calico Raid, The Great Raid of 1863): --
Despite initial successes, Confederate General and cavalry leader
John Hunt Morgan and 360 of his volunteers of the 2nd Kentucky
Cavalry Regiment are thwarted in their attempts to recross the
Ohio River, and are eventually intercepted by Union gunboats and
forced to surrender what remained of his command to Union forces
at Salineville in northeastern Ohio, near the Pennsylvania border.
Morgan and other senior officers were kept in the Ohio state
penitentiary, but they tunneled their way out and took a train to
Cincinnati, where they crossed the Ohio River to safety. Morgan's
Raid was a diversionary incursion by Confederate cavalry into the
northern (Union) states of Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio and, briefly,
West Virginia, during the American Civil War. The raid took place
from June 11-July 26, 1863, and is named for the commander of the
Confederates, Brig. Gen. John Hunt Morgan. Although it caused
temporary alarm in the North, the raid was ultimately classed as a
failure. The raid covered more than 1,000 miles (1,600 km),
beginning in Tennessee and ending in northern Ohio, taking
hundreds of prisoners. It coincided with the Vicksburg Campaign
and the Gettysburg Campaign, and it was meant to draw U.S. troops
away from these fronts by frightening the North into demanding
their troops return home; instead, it gained no tactical advantage
for the Confederacy, while the loss of his regiment proved a
serious setback. Though Morgan escaped from his Union prison, his
credibility due to his insubordination was low, and he was
restricted to minor operations. He was killed at Greeneville,
Tennessee, in September 1864. Morgan was the brother-in-law of
Confederate general A. P. Hill. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Campaigning And The Presidency MP3 Set CD, Download, USB Flash
Drive
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1925: #BOTD: #HBD! William Jennings Bryan, American orator and
politician from Nebraska (b. March 19, 1860) #dies in his sleep of
apoplexy (hemorrhagic stroke) in Dayton, Tennessee aged 65, five
days after the conclusion of the Scopes Trial, which he won.
Bryan's body was transported by rail from Dayton to Washington,
D.C. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery, with an epitaph
that read, "Statesman, yet Friend to Truth! Of Soul Sincere,
in Action Faithful, and in Honor Clear", and on the other
side "He Kept the Faith". William Jennings Bryan was
#born in Salem, Illinois to Silas Lillard Bryan and Mariah
Elizabeth (Jennings) Bryan. Beginning in 1896, he emerged as a
dominant force in the Democratic Party, standing three times as
the party's nominee for President of the United States. He also
served in the United States House Of Representatives and as the
United States Secretary Of State under Woodrow Wilson. Because of
his faith in the wisdom of the common people, he was often called
"The Great Commoner". He won election to the U.S. House
of Representatives in the 1890 elections, serving two terms before
his defeat in the 1894 Senate elections. At the 1896 Democratic
National Convention, Bryan delivered his "Cross Of Gold
speech" which attacked the gold standard and the eastern
moneyed interests, electrifying the delegates by declaring "You
shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns.
You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold!". He
advocated a "free silver" monetary standard through
unlimited coinage of silver rather than the gold standard. In a
repudiation of incumbent President Grover Cleveland and his
conservative Bourbon Democrats, the Democratic convention
nominated Bryan for president, making Bryan the youngest major
party presidential nominee in U.S. history. He was 36 years old at
the time, one year older than the minimum age limit of 35. A
supporter of bimetallism, Bryan was also nominated by the Populist
Party and the Silver Republican Party. In the intensely fought
1896 presidential election, Republican nominee William McKinley
emerged triumphant. With over 500 speeches in 1896, Bryan invented
the national stumping tour in an era when other presidential
candidates stayed home. Bryan retained control of the Democratic
Party and won the presidential nomination again in 1900. In the
aftermath of the Spanish-American War, Bryan became a fierce
opponent of American imperialism, and much of the campaign
centered on that issue. In the election, McKinley again defeated
Bryan, winning several Western states that Bryan had won in 1896.
Bryan's influence in the party weakened after the 1900 election,
and the Democrats nominated the conservative Alton B. Parker in
the 1904 presidential election. Bryan won his party's nomination
in the 1908 presidential election, but he was defeated by William
Howard Taft. After the Democrats won the presidency in the 1912
election, Wilson rewarded Bryan's support with the important
cabinet position of Secretary Of State. After the Lusitania was
torpedoed by a German submarine in 1915, Wilson made strong
demands on Germany that Bryan disagreed with, as he hoped to avoid
entering World War I. Bryan resigned from office in 1915, and the
United States entered the war two years later. Bryan remained
active in public life, supporting Wilson's re-election and
advocating for the enactment of Prohibition. He also became a
promoter of Florida real estate, contributing to the Florida land
boom of the 1920s. He opposed Darwinism on religious and
humanitarian grounds, most famously at the Scopes Trial in 1925 in
Tennessee. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: 1960
Democratic & Republican National Conventions DVD MP4 USB Drive
Today, July 26, 2024
July
25-28, 1960: Elections: Elections In The United States: The 1960
United States Presidential Election: The 1960 United States
Republican National Convention: -- The 1960 Republican National
Convention continues in Chicago, Illinois, running from July 25 to
July 28, 1960 at the International Amphitheatre. It was the 14th
and most recent time overall that Chicago hosted the Republican
National Convention, more times than any other city. The
convention nominated Vice President Richard M. Nixon for president
and former Senator Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. of Massachusetts for vice
president. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: George
Bernard Shaw Biography DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1856: #BOTD: #HBD! George Bernard Shaw, known at his
insistence simply as Bernard Shaw, Irish pamphleteer, playwright,
critic, polemicist, and political activist (d. November 2, 1950)
is #born in Portobello, a lower-middle-class part of Dublin,
Ireland. His influence on Western theatre, culture and politics
extended from the 1880s to his death and beyond. He wrote more
than sixty plays, including major works such as Man and Superman
(1902), Pygmalion (1912) and Saint Joan (1923). With a range
incorporating both contemporary satire and historical allegory,
Shaw became the leading dramatist of his generation, and in 1925
was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Born in Dublin, Shaw
moved to London in 1876, where he struggled to establish himself
as a writer and novelist, and embarked on a rigorous process of
self-education. By the mid-1880s he had become a respected theatre
and music critic. Following a political awakening, he joined the
gradualist Fabian Society and became its most prominent
pamphleteer. Shaw had been writing plays for years before his
first public success, Arms and the Man in 1894. Influenced by
Henrik Ibsen, he sought to introduce a new realism into
English-language drama, using his plays as vehicles to disseminate
his political, social and religious ideas. By the early twentieth
century his reputation as a dramatist was secured with a series of
critical and popular successes that included Major Barbara, The
Doctor's Dilemma and Caesar and Cleopatra. Shaw's expressed views
were often contentious; he promoted eugenics and alphabet reform,
and opposed vaccination and organised religion. He courted
unpopularity by denouncing both sides in the First World War as
equally culpable, and although not a republican, castigated
British policy on Ireland in the postwar period. These stances had
no lasting effect on his standing or productivity as a dramatist;
the inter-war years saw a series of often ambitious plays, which
achieved varying degrees of popular success. In 1938 he provided
the screenplay for a filmed version of Pygmalion for which he
received an Academy Award. His appetite for politics and
controversy remained undiminished; by the late 1920s he had
largely renounced Fabian Society gradualism and often wrote and
spoke favourably of dictatorships of the right and left -- he
expressed admiration for both Mussolini and Stalin. In the final
decade of his life he made fewer public statements, but continued
to write prolifically until shortly before his death, having
refused all state honours, including the Order of Merit in 1946,
at the age of ninety-four of renal failure precipitated by
injuries incurred when falling while pruning a tree at his home in
Ayot St Lawrence, Hertfordshire, England. He was cremated at
Golders Green Crematorium on November 6 1950, and his ashes, mixed
with those of his late wife Charlotte Payne-Townshend, were
scattered along footpaths and around the statue of Saint Joan in
their garden. Since Shaw's death scholarly and critical opinion
has varied about his works, but he has regularly been rated as
second only to Shakespeare among British dramatists; analysts
recognise his extensive influence on generations of
English-language playwrights. The word "Shavian" has
entered the language as encapsulating Shaw's ideas and his means
of expressing them. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: That War
In Korea 1964 TV Feature Film Documentary DVD, Download, USB
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1993: #DOTD: #RIP: Matthew Ridgway, American general, who
served with distinction during World War II as Commanding General
of the 82nd Airborne Division in action in Sicily, Italy and
Normandy, Commanding General of the newly formed XVIII Airborne
Corps in August 1944 during the Battle Of The Bulge, Operation
Varsity and the Western Allied invasion of Germany, most famous
for resurrecting the United Nations (UN) war effort during the
Korean War, 19th Chief Of Staff of the United States Army (b.
March 3, 1895) #dies at his suburban Pittsburgh home of cardiac
arrest, at the age of 98. He is buried at Arlington National
Cemetery, in Arlington, Virginia.] In a graveside eulogy, Chairman
of the Joint Chiefs Of Staff, General Colin Powell, said: "No
soldier ever performed his duty better than this man. No soldier
ever upheld his honor better than this man. No soldier ever loved
his country more than this man did. Every American soldier owes a
debt to this great man." Matthew Ridgway was born Matthew
Bunker Ridgway in Fort Monroe, Virginia, to Colonel Thomas
Ridgway, an artillery officer, and Ruth Starbuck (Bunker) Ridgway.
He lived in various military bases all throughout his childhood.
He later remarked that his "earliest memories are of guns and
marching men, of rising to the sound of the reveille gun and lying
down to sleep at night while the sweet, sad notes of 'Taps'
brought the day officially to an end." As the commanding
general in Korea, he gained the nickname "Tin Tits" for
his habit of wearing hand grenades attached to his load-bearing
equipment at chest level. Photographs however show he only wore
one grenade on one side of his chest; the so-called "grenade"
on the other side was in fact a first-aid packet. Several
historians have credited Ridgway for turning the war around in
favor of the UN side. His long military career was recognized by
the award of the Presidential Medal Of Freedom on May 12, 1986 by
President Ronald Reagan, who stated that: "Heroes come when
they're needed; great men step forward when courage seems in short
supply.". On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Light In
The Dark: Lvov Sewer Holocaust Survivors DVD, Download, USB
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26-27, 1944: The European Civil War: World War II: The Second
European War (The European Theater Of World War II): The Eastern
Front Of World War II: The Polish Resistance Movement In World War
II: Operation Tempest (Polish: Akcja Burza, "Operation
Storm"): The Lwow Uprising (Polish: Powstanie Lwowskie): --
After the successful Lvov-Sandomierz Offensive of July 1944, the
Soviet 3rd Guards Tank Army capture Lviv (Lvov), a major city in
western Ukraine, from the Nazis with significant cooperation from
the local Polish resistance engaged in the Lwow Uprising. Only 300
Jews survived out of 160,000 living in Lviv prior to occupation,
and a significant number of those survivors did so by hiding in
the Lvov sewers. Soon after the capture of Lviv, the local
commanders of the Polish Armia Krajowa were invited to a meeting
with the commanders of the Red Army. During the meeting, they were
arrested, as it turned out to be a trap set by the Soviet NKVD.
Later, in the winter and spring of 1945, the local NKVD kept
arresting and harassing Poles in Lviv (which according to Soviet
sources on October 1, 1944 still had a clear Polish majority of
66.7%) in an attempt to encourage their emigration from the city.
Those arrested were released only after they had signed papers in
which they agreed to emigrate to Poland, which postwar borders
were to be shifted westwards in accordance with the Yalta
conference settlements. In Yalta, despite Polish objections, the
Allied leaders, Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston
Churchill decided that Lviv should remain within the borders of
the Soviet Union. On August 16, 1945, a border agreement was
signed in Moscow between the government of the Soviet Union and
the Provisional Government of National Unity installed by the
Soviets in Poland. In the treaty, Polish authorities formally
ceded the prewar eastern part of the country to the Soviet Union,
agreeing to the Polish-Soviet border to be drawn according to the
Curzon Line. Consequently, the agreement was ratified on February
5, 1946. The Lwow Uprising (Polish: Powstanie Lwowskie, Akcja
Burza) was an armed insurrection by the Home Army (Polish: Armia
Krajowa) underground forces of the Polish resistance movement in
World War II against the Nazi German occupation of the city of
Lwow (now Lviv, Ukraine) in the latter stages of World War II. It
began on July 23, 1944 as part of a secret plan to launch the
countrywide all-national uprising codenamed Operation Tempest
ahead of the Soviet advance on the Eastern Front. The Lwow
uprising lasted until July 27. Shortly afterwards, the Polish
troops were disarmed, soldiers merged into the Polish communist
armed forces and officers arrested by the Soviet NKVD. Some were
forced to join the Red Army, others sent to the Gulag camps. The
city itself was occupied by the Soviet Union. On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: An Ocean
Apart TV Documentary Series DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1956: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The
Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Suez Crisis (The Second Arab-Israeli
War, The Tripartite Aggression, The Sinai War): The Aswan Dam (The
Aswan High Dam): The Nationalization Of The Suez Canal: --
Following the World Bank's refusal to fund building the Aswan Dam,
Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser, in a shockingly childish,
petulant and boorish response to the World Bank's defense of
legacy the thousands of years of history of his own country,
nationalizes the Suez Canal, sparking international condemnation,
ultimately resulting in The Suez Crisis, or the Second
Arab-Israeli war. On May 16, 1956, Nasser officially recognized
the People's Republic of China, which angered the U.S. and
Secretary Dulles, a sponsor of the Republic of China. This move,
coupled with the controversary over the damage the building of the
dam would cause to ancient Egyptian sites, the probable (and
ultimately proven accurate) assessment of the side effects of
having such a damn (silting of the Nile Delta, loss of sediments,
waterlogging, increase in soil salinity, decrease in fish stocks
off the Egyptian Mediterranean coast, etc), and the determination
that the project was beyond Egypt's economic capabilities, caused
Eisenhower to withdraw all American financial aid for the Aswan
Dam project on July 19. The Eisenhower administration believed
that if Nasser were able to secure Soviet economic support for the
high dam, that would be beyond the capacity of the Soviet Union to
support, and in turn would strain Soviet-Egyptian relations.
Eisenhower wrote in March 1956 that "If Egypt finds herself
thus isolated from the rest of the Arab world, and with no ally in
sight except Soviet Russia, she would very quickly get sick of the
prospect and would join us in the search for a just and decent
peace in the region". Dulles told his brother, CIA director
Allen Dulles, "If they [the Soviets] do make this offer we
can make a lot of use of it in propaganda within the satellite
bloc. You don't get bread because you are being squeezed to build
a dam". Finally, the Eisenhower administration had become
very annoyed at Nasser's efforts to play the United States off
against the Soviet Union, and refused to finance the Aswan high
dam. As early as September 1955, when Nasser announced the
purchase of the Soviet military equipment via Czechoslovakia,
Dulles had written that competing for Nasser's favor was probably
going to be "an expensive process", one that Dulles
wanted to avoid as much as possible. The Aswan Dam, or more
specifically since the 1960s, the Aswan High Dam, is the world's
largest embankment dam, which was built across the Nile in Aswan,
Egypt, between 1960 and 1970. Its significance largely eclipsed
the previous Aswan Low Dam initially completed in 1902 downstream.
Based on the success of the Low Dam, then at its maximum
utilization, construction of the High Dam became a key objective
of the government following the Egyptian Revolution of 1952; with
its ability to better control flooding, provide increased water
storage for irrigation and generate hydroelectricity, the dam was
seen as pivotal to Egypt's planned industrialization. Like the
earlier implementation, the High Dam has had a significant effect
on the economy and culture of Egypt. The High Dam has resulted in
protection from floods and droughts, an increase in agricultural
production and employment, electricity production, and improved
navigation that also benefits tourism. Conversely, the dam flooded
a large area, causing the relocation of over 100,000 people. Many
archaeological sites were submerged while others were relocated.
The dam is blamed for coastline erosion, soil salinity, and health
problems. The assessment of the costs and benefits of the dam
remains controversial decades after its completion. On October 29,
1956, in response to Nasser's nationalization of the Suez Canal in
retribution for the World Bank's refusal to fund the building of
the Aswan Dam, Israel invaded the Egyptian Sinai, Britain and
France issued a joint ultimatum to cease fire, which was to all
appearance at the time ignored. On November 5, Britain and France
landed paratroopers along the Suez Canal. The Egyptian forces were
defeated, but they did block the canal to all shipping. It later
became clear that the Israeli invasion and the subsequent
Anglo-French attack had been planned beforehand by the three
countries, and though these three allies had attained a number of
their military objectives, the canal was nevertheless useless. The
duplicity of the Israelis, British and French about the operation,
and their having kept the United States in the dark about their
intentions, did much to undermine efforts towards peace in the
mideast for decades to come. The Suez Crisis, also known as The
Second Arab-Israeli War, and as The Tripartite Aggression in the
Arab world and The Sinai War in Israel, was an invasion of Egypt
in late 1956 by Israel, followed by the United Kingdom and France.
The aims were to regain Western control of the Suez Canal and to
remove Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser, who had just
nationalised the canal. After the fighting had started, heavy
political pressure from the United States and the USSR led to a
withdrawal by the three invaders. The episode humiliated the
United Kingdom and France and strengthened Nasser. U.S. president
Dwight D. Eisenhower had strongly warned Britain not to invade; he
threatened serious damage to the British financial system by
selling the US government's pound sterling bonds. Historians
conclude the crisis "signified the end of Great Britain's
role as one of the world's major powers". The Suez Canal was
closed from October 1956 until March 1957. Israel did fulfill some
of its objectives, such as attaining freedom of navigation through
the Straits of Tiran, which Egypt had blocked to Israeli shipping
since 1950. As a result of the conflict, the United Nations
created the UNEF Peacekeepers to police the Egyptian-Israeli
border. Distinquished British prime minister Anthony Eden resigned
in humiliation in the aftermath of the crisis. Canadian external
affairs minister Lester Pearson won the Nobel Peace Prize for
organizing the United Nations Emergency Force to resolve the Suez
Canal Crisis, and the USSR may have been emboldened to invade
Hungary, in that it had made the condemnation of Soviet actions
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Wall
Street Crash Of 1929 Documentary Set MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1877: #BOTD: #HBD: Jesse Livermore, American stock trader,
considered the pioneer of day trading and was the basis for the
main character of Reminiscences Of A Stock Operator, a
best-selling book by Edwin Lefevre, in his time one of the richest
people in the world; however, at the time of his death, he had
liabilities greater than his assets (d. November 28, 1940) is
#born Jesse Lauriston Livermore in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, to a
poverty-stricken family. In a time when accurate financial
statements were rarely published, getting current stock quotes
required a large operation, and market manipulation was rampant,
Livermore used what is now known as technical analysis as the
basis for his trades. His principles, including the effects of
emotion on trading, continue to be studied. Some of Livermore's
trades, such as taking short positions before the 1906 San
Francisco earthquake and just before the Wall Street Crash Of
1929, are legendary within investing circles. Some observers have
regarded Livermore as the greatest trader who ever lived, but
others have regarded his legacy as a cautionary tale about the
risks of leverage to seek large gains rather than a strategy
focused on smaller yet more consistent returns. Jesse Livermore
died on Thanksgiving Day just after 5:30 pm of fatal
self-inflicted shot with an Automatic Colt Pistol in the cloakroom
of The Sherry-Netherland Hotel in Manhattan, where he usually had
cocktails. Police found a suicide note of eight small handwritten
pages in Livermore's personal, leather-bound notebook. The note
was addressed to Livermore's wife, Harriet (whom Livermore
nicknamed "Nina") and it read, "My dear Nina: Can't
help it. Things have been bad with me. I am tired of fighting.
Can't carry on any longer. This is the only way out. I am unworthy
of your love. I am a failure. I am truly sorry, but this is the
only way out for me. Love Laurie". He is buried at Woodlawn
Cemetery in Acton, Massachusetts. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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|
Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Darrow
(1991) Kevin Spacey TV Docudrama DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1959: #BOTD: #HBD! Kevin Spacey, American actor, producer,
singer director is #born Kevin Spacey Fowler in South Orange, New
Jersey, to Kathleen Ann (nee Knutson), a secretary, and Thomas
Geoffrey Fowler, a technical writer and data consultant. His
family relocated to Southern California when he was four years
old. Spacey has a sister and an older brother, Randy Fowler, from
whom Spacey is estranged.] His brother has stated that their
father, whom he described as a racist "Nazi supporter",
was sexually and physically abusive, and that Spacey shut down
emotionally and became "very sly and smart" to avoid
beatings. Spacey first addressed the matter in October 2022,
saying that his father was "a white supremacist and a
neo-Nazi" who would call him "an F-word that is very
derogatory to the gay community". He stated that this caused
him to become extremely private about his personal life and was
why he did not come out as gay earlier in his life. Spacey had
previously described his father as "a very normal,
middle-class man". Spacey began his career as a stage actor
during the 1980s, obtaining supporting roles in film and
television. He gained critical acclaim in the 1990s, culminating
in an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the neo-noir
crime thriller The Usual Suspects (1995) and an Academy Award for
Best Actor for the midlife crisis-themed drama American Beauty
(1999). Spacey's first roles in film were in Mike Nichols'
Heartburn (1986), and Working Girl (1988). Spacey's other starring
roles have included Glengarry Glen Ross (1992), the comedy-drama
film Swimming with Sharks (1994), the psychological thriller Seven
(1995), the neo-noir crime film L.A. Confidential (1997), the
drama Pay It Forward (2000), the science fiction-mystery film
K-PAX (2001), the musical biopic Beyond the Sea (2004), the
superhero film Superman Returns (2006), and the action film Baby
Driver (2017). In Broadway theatre, Spacey starred in Long Day's
Journey into Night in 1986 alongside Jack Lemmon. In 1991, he won
a Tony Award in 1991 for his role in Lost in Yonkers. He continued
to act in theater receiving his second Tony Award nomination for
The Iceman Cometh in 1999. He then became the artistic director of
the Old Vic theatre in London from 2004 until stepping down in
mid-2015. In 2017, he hosted the 71st Tony Awards. From 2013 to
2017, he played Frank Underwood in the Netflix political drama
series House of Cards, which won him a Golden Globe Award for Best
Actor - Television Series Drama and two consecutive Screen Actors
Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a
Drama Series as well as 5 consecutive Primetime Emmy Award
nominations for Best Actor in a Drama Series. In October 2017,
actor Anthony Rapp accused Spacey of making a sexual advance
toward him in 1986, when Rapp was 14. Numerous other men
subsequently came forward alleging that Spacey had made unwanted
advances and sexually harassed them as well. As a result of the
allegations, Netflix cut ties with Spacey, shelving his film Gore
and removing him from the last season of House of Cards. Spacey's
role as J. Paul Getty in Ridley Scott's film All the Money in the
World (2017) was reshot with actor Christopher Plummer in his
place. In 2018, Billionaire Boys Club (which had been completed
before the allegations surfaced) was released with Spacey's role
unchanged. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Crime Vs
Uncle Sam: Kefauver & Army-McCarthy Hearings MP4 Download DVD
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1903: #BOTD: #HBD! Estes Kefauver, American lawyer and
politician from Tennessee (d. August 10, 1963) is #born Carey
Estes Kefauver in Madisonville, Tennessee. A member of the
Democratic Party, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives
from 1939 to 1949, and in the Senate from 1949 until his death. In
1950, Kefauver headed the much-publicized U.S. Senate Special
Committee to Investigate Crime in Interstate Commerce, popularly
known as the Kefauver Committee or the Kefauver hearings, a
committee that investigated organized crime. The committee held
hearings in fourteen cities and heard testimony from over 600
witnesses. Many of the witnesses were high-profile crime bosses,
including such well-known names as Willie Moretti, Joe Adonis, and
Frank Costello, the latter making himself famous by refusing to
allow his face to be filmed during his questioning and then
staging a much-publicized walkout. A number of politicians also
appeared before the committee and saw their careers ruined. Among
them were former Governor Harold G. Hoffman of New Jersey and
Mayor William O'Dwyer of New York City. He twice sought his
party's nomination for President of the United States. In 1956, he
was selected by the Democratic National Convention to be the
running mate of presidential nominee Adlai Stevenson. Still
holding his U.S. Senate seat after the Stevenson-Kefauver ticket
lost to the Eisenhower-Nixon ticket in 1956, Kefauver was named
chair of the U.S. Senate Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee in
1957 and served as its chairman until his death. Estes Kefauver
died in his sleep in Bethesda Naval Hospital of a ruptured aortic
aneurysm caused by a "mild" heart attack on the floor of
the Senate two days prior, while attempting to place an antitrust
amendment into a NASA appropriations bill which would have
required companies benefiting financially from the outcome of
research subsidized by NASA, to reimburse NASA for the cost of the
research. After a wake in Washington, D.C., his body was taken to
the First Baptist Church in Madisonville where thousands of
mourners paid their respects. He is interred in a family cemetery
beside his home. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Wisdom
Of The Dream: Carl Jung A Life Of Dreams DVD, Download, USB
Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1875: #BOTD: #HBD! Carl Jung, Swiss psychiatrist,
psychotherapist and psychoanalyst who founded analytical
psychology, grandson of the eminent doctor, political activist,
medical professor and Freemason Karl Gustav Jung (d. June 6, 1961)
is #born Carl Gustav Jung in Kesswil, in the Swiss canton of
Thurgau, Switzerland. Carl Jung has been influential in not only
psychiatry but also anthropology, archaeology, literature,
philosophy, and religious studies. As a notable research scientist
based at the famous Burgholzli hospital, under Eugen Bleuler, he
came to the attention of the Viennese founder of psychoanalysis,
Sigmund Freud. The two men conducted a lengthy correspondence and
collaborated on an initially joint vision of human psychology.
Freud saw in the younger man the potential heir he had been
seeking to carry on his "new science" of psychoanalysis.
Jung's research and personal vision, however, made it impossible
for him to bend to his older colleague's doctrine and a schism
became inevitable. This division was personally painful, and was
to have historic repercussions lasting well into the modern day.
Jung was also an artist, craftsman and builder as well as a
prolific writer. Many of his works were not published until after
his death and some are still awaiting publication. Among the
central concepts of analytical psychology is individuation-the
lifelong psychological process of differentiation of the self out
of each individual's conscious and unconscious elements. Jung
considered it to be the main task of human development. He created
some of the best known psychological concepts, including
synchronicity, archetypal phenomena, the collective unconscious,
the psychological complex, and extraversion and introversion. Carl
Jung died at Kusnacht, Meilen in the canton of Zurich in
Switzerland at the age of 85 after a short illness, having been
beset by circulatory diseases. He is buried at Friedhof Kusnacht
Dorf in Kusnacht, Bezirk Meilen, Zurich, Switzerland. On Sale @
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Today's
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Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1984: #DOTD: Ed Gein, also known as the Butcher Of Plainfield
or the Plainfield Ghoul, American murderer, body snatcher and
serial killer (b. August 27, 1906) #dies at the Mendota Mental
Health Institute due to respiratory failure secondary to lung
cancer at the age of 77. He is buried next to his family in the
Plainfield Cemetery, in a now-unmarked grave; over the years,
souvenir seekers chipped pieces from his gravestone at the
Plainfield Cemetery, until the stone itself was stolen in 2000. It
was recovered in June 2001, near Seattle, Washington, and was
placed in storage at the Waushara County Sheriff's Department. The
gravesite itself is now unmarked, but not unknown; Gein is
interred between his parents and brother in the cemetery. He was
born Edward Theodore Gein in La Crosse County, Wisconsin. Gein's
crimes, committed around his hometown of Plainfield, Wisconsin,
gathered widespread notoriety in 1957 after authorities discovered
he had exhumed corpses from local graveyards and fashioned
trophies and keepsakes from their bones and skin. Gein also
confessed to killing two women: tavern owner Mary Hogan in 1954
and hardware store owner Bernice Worden in 1957. Gein was
initially found unfit to stand trial and confined to a mental
health facility. By 1968, h On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Evita
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Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1952: #DOTD: Eva Peron, better known by the nickname Evita,
controversial Argentine politician, activist, actress, and
philanthropist who served as First Lady of Argentina from June
1946 until her death in July 1952 as the wife of Argentine
President Juan Domingo Peron and who became a part of
international popular culture, most famously as the subject of the
musical Evita (1976) (b. May 7, 1919) #dies in Buenos Aires,
Argentina at 8:25 p.m. on a Saturday of cervical cancer, aged 33.
She was given a state funeral, a prerogative generally reserved
for heads of state. Shortly before her death, Eva Peron was given
the title of "Spiritual Leader of the Nation" by the
Argentine Congress. She is buried at the Cementerio De La
Recoleta, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Eva Peron was born nee Maria
Eva Duarte in poverty in the rural village of Los Toldos, in the
Pampas, as the youngest of five children. In 1934, at the age of
15, she moved to the nation's capital of Buenos Aires to pursue a
career as a stage, radio, and film actress. She met Colonel Juan
Peron on January 22, 1944 during a charity event at the Luna Park
Stadium to benefit the victims of an earthquake in San Juan,
Argentina. The two were married the following year. Juan Peron was
elected President of Argentina in June 1946; during the next six
years, Maria Eva Duarte de Peron became powerful within the
pro-Peronist trade unions, primarily for speaking on behalf of
labor rights. She also ran the Ministries of Labor and Health,
founded and ran the charitable Eva Peron Foundation, championed
women's suffrage in Argentina, and founded and ran the nation's
first large-scale female political party, the Female Peronist
Party. In 1951, Eva Peron announced her candidacy for the Peronist
nomination for the office of Vice President of Argentina,
receiving great support from the Peronist political base,
low-income and working-class Argentines who were referred to as
descamisados or "shirtless ones". Opposition from the
nation's military and bourgeoisie, coupled with her declining
health, ultimately forced her to withdraw her candidacy. Cristina
Alvarez Rodriguez has said that Evita has never left the
collective consciousness of Argentines. Cristina Fernandez de
Kirchner, the second woman elected president of Argentina (after
Isabel Peron), claims that women of her generation owe a debt to
Eva for "her example of passion and combativeness". On
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Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1895: #BOTD: #HBD! Gracie Allen, American comedian who became
internationally famous as the zany partner and comic foil of her
straight man husband George Burns (d. August 27, 1964) is #born
Grace Ethel Cecile Rosalie in San Francisco, California, to George
Allen and Margaret Theresa ("Molly") Allen (nee Darragh;
later Mrs. Edward Pidgeon), who were both of Irish Catholic
descent. Allen was honored for contributions to the television
industry with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6672
Hollywood Boulevard. In the early 1930s, Burns and Allen graduated
from vaudeville to radio and became the star attractions of many
radio comedy series. In the early 1930s, Burns and Allen made
several short films, preserving several of their classic
vaudeville routines on celluloid. They appeared in The Big
Broadcast (1932) wIth Bing Crosby, Cab Calloway, Kate Smith, The
Mills Brothers and The Boswell Sisters, and two films with W. C.
Fields - International House (1933) and Six of a Kind. In 1937,
Burns and Allen starred with Fred Astaire in A Damsel in Distress,
a musical with an original score by George Gershwin, which
introduced the song "A Foggy Day". The team of Burns and
Allen was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 1988.
Gracie Allen died of a heart attack in Hollywood, California,
ostensibly at at the age of 62, later found to be at the age of 69
according to census records. Her remains are interred in a crypt
at the Freedom Mausoleum in the Sanctuary of Heritage at Forest
Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, California. The remains of her
husband George Burns were interred at her side in 1996 when he
died at the age of 100. The marker on the crypt was changed from
"Grace Allen Burns - Beloved Wife And Mother (1895-1964)"
to "Gracie Allen (1895-1964) and George Burns (1896-1996) -
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Today's
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Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1909: #BOTD: #HBD! Vivian Vance, American actress and singer,
best known for playing Ethel Mertz on the sitcom I Love Lucy
(1951-1957), for which she won the Primetime Emmy Award for
Outstanding Supporting Actress, among other accolades (d. August
17, 1979) is #born Vivian Roberta Jones in Cherryvale, Kansas.
When she was six, her family moved to Independence, Kansas, where
she eventually began her dramatic studies at Independence High
School with instructor Anna Ingleman. Her love of acting clashed
with her mother's strict religious beliefs. "Viv" soon
rebelled, often sneaking out of her bedroom and staying out after
curfew. She changed her surname to Vance and moved to Albuquerque,
New Mexico to find acting work, performing in the very first show
at the Albuquerque Little Theatre in 1930. She appeared there in
many other plays, including This Thing Called Love and The Cradle
Song. The local theatre community helped pay her way to New York
City to study under Eva Le Gallienne. Vivian Vance was godmother
to musician John Sebastian, founder of The Lovin' Spoonful, and
was good friends with his mother, Jane Sebastian. In 1991, she
received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Vivian Vance died
at age 70 of metastatic breast cancer. After her death, Desi Arnaz
said, "It's bad enough to lose one of the great artists we
had the honor and the pleasure to work with, but it's even harder
to reconcile the loss of one of your best friends". Her
remains were cremated, and her ashes scattered in the Pacific
Ocean off the coast of Marin County. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Of Moose
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Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 2017: #DOTD: #RIP: June Foray, American actress and voice
artist (b. September 18, 1917) #dies at the age of 99, less than
two months before her 100th birthday, at a hospital in Los
Angeles, California. She had been in declining health since an
automobile accident in 2015. She is buried at Westwood Memorial
Park in Westwood, Los Angeles County, California. June Foray was
born June Lucille Forer in Springfield, Massachusetts to Ida
(Robinson), a Lithuanian Jew and French Quebecian, and Morris
Forer, a Jewish emigrant from Odessa, Russian Empire. June Foray
was best known as the voice of such animated characters as Rocky
the Flying Squirrel, Lucifer from Disney's Cinderella, Cindy Lou
Who, Jokey Smurf, Granny from the Warner Bros. cartoons directed
by Friz Freleng, Grammi Gummi from Disney's Adventures of the
Gummi Bears series, and Magica De Spell, among many others Her
career encompassed radio, theatrical shorts, feature films,
television, record albums (particularly with Stan Freberg), video
games, talking toys, and other media. Foray was also one of the
early members of ASIFA-Hollywood, the society devoted to promoting
and encouraging animation, and is credited with the establishment
of the Annie Awards, as well as instrumental to the creation of
the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature in 2001. She has a
star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame honoring her voice work in
television. Chuck Jones was quoted as saying: "June Foray is
not the female Mel Blanc. Mel Blanc was the male June Foray."
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Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1992: #DOTD: #RIP: Mary Wells, African American singer and
songwriter known as The Queen Of Motown, who helped to define the
emerging sound of Motown in the early 1960s (b. May 13, 1943)
#dies of cancer in Los Angeles, California at the age of 49 after
she was rushed to the Kenneth Norris Jr. Cancer Hospital in Los
Angeles with pneumonia, her immune system weakened with the
effects of her prior unsuccessful cancer treatments. After her
funeral, which included a eulogy given by her old friend and
former collaborator, Smokey Robinson, Wells was cremated, and her
ashes were laid to rest in Glendale's Forest Lawn Memorial Park,
in a crypt owned by her former musical collaborators the Womack
family. Family friend Sam Cooke is buried in The Garden Of Honor,
about 850 feet to the west. She was born Mary Esther Wells near
Detroit's Wayne State University. Along with The Supremes, The
Miracles, The Temptations, Martha Reeves and the Vandellas, and
the Four Tops, Wells was part of the charge in black music onto
radio stations and record shelves of mainstream America, bridging
the color lines in music at the time. With a string of hit singles
composed mainly by Smokey Robinson, including "The One Who
Really Loves You", "Two Lovers", and the
Grammy-nominated "You Beat Me to the Punch", all in
1962, plus her signature hit, "My Guy" (1964), she
became recognized as "The Queen of Motown" until she
departured the company in 1964 over a contract dispute at the
height of her success. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: TV Music &
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Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1941: #BOTD: #HBD! Darlene Love, African American singer and
actress, lead singer of the girl group The Blossoms, who sang lead
on "He's a Rebel" and "He's Sure the Boy I Love,"
which were credited to the Crystals, is #born Darlene Wright in
Los Angeles, California. She began singing as a child with her
local church choir. In 1962, she began recording with producer
Phil Spector who renamed her Darlene Love. She was soon a highly
sought-after vocalist and worked with many rock and soul legends
of 1960s, including Sam Cooke, Dionne Warwick, Bill Medley, the
Beach Boys, Elvis Presley, Tom Jones and Sonny and Cher. As a
member of The Blossoms, she appeared regularly on the American
musical variety series Shindig! (1964-1966). As an actress, Love
performed in various Broadway productions. She had a recurring
role as Roger Murtaugh's wife in the Lethal Weapon film series.
Ranked among Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Singers, Love was
inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2011. Love is
featured in the Oscar-winning documentary film 20 Feet from
Stardom (2013), for which she won a Grammy Award. On Sale @ 15%
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Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 1982: #DOTD: #RIP: Betty Walker, Jewish-American actress and
comedian who performed primarily during the 1950s and 1960s (b.
August 7, 1928) #dies at her Manhattan home aged 54, having been
ill for some time, suffering from a variety of ailments. Funeral
services were held on July 28 at Parkside Chapel, 79th Street and
Columbus Avenue. Her burial details are not publicly disclosed.
She was born Edith Seeman in Elizabeth, New Jersey to Latvian
Jewish immigrants. Her first major acting role was on the sitcom
The Goldbergs, where at 21 years of age she played Mrs. Kramer,
Molly's loud-mouthed, nosy neighbor. She acted in the original
cast of Paddy Chayefsky's play "Middle of the Night",
which first premiered in 1956, and she reprised her role as the
Widow for the film adaptation three years later. In addition to
performing in Paddy Chayefsky's plays "The Passion of Josef
D" and "Middle of the Night" with Edward G.
Robinson, she acted in a number of other television dramas, such
as Decoy, Playhouse 90, and The Doctors, and in Susan Slade's
"Ready When You Are, C.B.!" with Julie Harris and
Estelle Parsons. In movies she was seen in "Molly",
"Exodus" and the screen version of "Middle of the
Night". As a popular comedian of the 1950s and 1960s, Walker
was best known for her "telephone act" wherein she
delivered a monologue to her unseen friend "Ceil" at the
other end of the line. The humor of this act draws upon the Jewish
stereotypes of the "overbearing mother" which had gained
popularity originally in Jewish joke books after World War II.
While the "Jewish mother" trope gained popularity in
newer venues such as on television, in print, and on comedy
albums, it is notable that she was often personified in these
mediums through her "son's vision" of her. It is
notable, then, that Walker actively assumed these traits, which
gave her transgressive mimetic power over them. She also recorded
comedy record albums, including "Aunt Lena and Her Entire
Family" and "Hello Ceil". Walker made guest
appearances on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, The Merv
Griffin Show, The Mike Douglas Show and The Steve Allen Show,
where she often performed her monologue to "Ceil." On
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Today, July 26, 2024
July
26, 2020: #DOTD: #RIP: Olivia de Havilland, British and American
actress and beauty (b. July 1, 1916) #dies of natural causes in
her sleep at her home in Paris on July 26, 2020, at the age of
104. Her funeral was held on August 1, 2020, at the American
Cathedral in Paris. After cremation her ashes were placed in the
crematorium-columbarium of the cemetery of Pere-Lachaise; the urn
containing them will later be transferred to a family burial place
on the British island of Guernsey in the English Channel. Dame
Olivia Mary de Havilland DBE's major works of her cinematic career
spanned from 1935 to 1988. She appeared in 49 feature films and
was one of the leading actors of her time. At the time of her
death in 2020 at age 104, she was the oldest living and earliest
surviving Academy Award winner and was widely considered as being
the last surviving major star from the Golden Age of Hollywood
cinema. Her younger sister was Oscar-winning actress Joan
Fontaine. De Havilland first came to prominence with Errol Flynn
as a screen couple in adventure films such as Captain Blood (1935)
and The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). One of her best-known
roles is that of Melanie Hamilton in Gone With The Wind (1939),
for which she received her first of five Oscar nominations, the
only one for Best Supporting Actress. De Havilland departed from
ingenue roles in the 1940s and later distinguished herself for
performances in Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),
The Snake Pit (1948), and The Heiress (1949), receiving
nominations for Best Actress for each and winning for To Each His
Own and The Heiress. She was also successful in work on stage and
television. De Havilland lived in Paris from the 1950s and
received honors such as the National Medal of the Arts, the Legion
d'honneur, and the appointment to Dame Commander of the Order of
the British Empire at the age of 101. In addition to her film
career, de Havilland continued her work in the theatre, appearing
three times on Broadway, in Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candida
(1952), and A Gift of Time (1962). She also worked in television,
appearing in the successful miniseries Roots: The Next Generations
(1979) and Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986), for which she
received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination and won the Golden
Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Television Movie or
Series. During her film career, de Havilland also collected two
New York Film Critics Circle Awards, the National Board of Review
Award for Best Actress, and the Venice Film Festival Volpi Cup.
For her contributions to the motion picture industry, she received
a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. She and her sister remain
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