The Year Of The Generals: Battle Of Midway 50th Anniversary MP4 Or DVD
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A Once-In-Forever Live Television Special In The Second Of A Series Of Historic Television Broadcast Events Hosted By Charles Kuralt And Desert Storm Commander Norman Schwarzkopf Jr., Which Aired During The June 4-7, 1992 50th Anniversary Of The Battle Of Midway From West Point Military Academy, And Was Dedicated To The Memory Of That Battle, The Battles Of America's First Year Of Fighting In World War II, And The Generals Of Both Sides Who Led Them -- Douglas MacArthur, George C. Marshall, Chester W. Nimitz, Erwin Rommel, Bernard Montgomery, Dwight D. Eisenhower, And George S. Patton! An Exploration Of The Great Battles Of 1942-1943: The Battle Of The Philippines, The Battle Of Midway, The Two Battles Of El Alamein And The Battle Of Kasserine Pass Of The Tunisan Campaign Of The North African Campaign, The Allied Invasion Of Sicily, The Allied Island-Hopping Campaign Of The Pacific War, With The Voices Of Charleton Heston As MacArthur, James Garner As Eisenhower, Christopher Plummer As Both Rommel And Montgomery, And Robert Mitchum As Patton, As Well As Anthony Hopkins, Mel Gibson, George Takei, Rod Steiger, And Matthew Broderick As The Last American To Broadcast From The Corregidor Private Irving Strobing, And Filled With Exclusive Interviews And Commentary With Those Public Figures Intimately Involved In The War At That Time, Such As War Correspondant Andy Rooney, War Correspondant Walter Cronkite, Winston Churchill's Daughter-In-Law Pamela Churchill Harriman, War Correspondent Robert Sherrod, MacArthur's Doctor Roger Egeberg, Military Historian John Keegan, US Army Historian Forrest Pogue, General Marshall's Aide Merrill Pasco, Marshall's Goddaughter Rose Wilson, Admiral Nimitz Aide Hal Lamar, US Navy Torpedo Plane Pilot At The Battle Of Midway George Gay, The Son Of Erwin Rommel Manfred Rommel, British Army Commander Lord Carver, Eisenhower's Son John And Grandson Dwight David Eisenhower II, Patton's Daughter Ruth Patton Totten, And Patton's Secretary Joseph Rosevich, As Well As Army Private Anton Bilek, Army Nurse Peggy Walcher, Army Sergeant Harold Feiner, Army Air Corps Sergeant Sam Moody, Army Air Corps Private James Brennan, Army Private John Ray, Japanese Army Commander Sadanari Seo, Japanese Army Commander Masayuki Koyama, Army Lieutenant Bruce Walcher, British Army Private Joe Levenson, Army Captain Edwin Lutz, Army Tank Commander Jimmie Leach, Complete With The Actual TV Commercials That Sponsored The Production Of This Unprecedented Event In Their Entirety, Presented In The Highest DVD Quality MPG Video Format Of 9.1 MBPS As An MP4 Video Download Or Archival Quality All Regions Format DVD! (Color, 1992, 1 Hour 45 Minutes.) #CharletonHeston #JamesGarner #ChristopherPlummer #RobertMitchum #AnthonyHopkins #MelGibson #GeorgeTakei #RodSteiger #MatthewBroderick #IrvingStrobing #WarCorrespondents #AndyRooney #WalterCronkite, #PamelaChurchillHarriman #RobertSherrod #RogerEgeberg #John Keegan ##ForrestPogue ##MerrillPasco #RoseWilson #HalLamar #GeorgeGay #ManfredRommel #LordCarver #JohnEisenhower #DwightDavidEisenhowerII #RuthPattonTotten #JosephRosevich #AntonBilek #PeggyWalcher #HaroldFeiner #SamMoody #James Brennan #JohnRay #SadanariSeo #MasayukiKoyama #BruceWalcher #JoeLevenson #EdwinLutz #JimmieLeach #Commercials #TVCommercials
The Philippines Campaign, also known as The Battle Of The Philippines (Filipino: Labanan Aa Pilipinas) or The Fall Of The Philippines, was the invasion of the Philippines by the Empire of Japan during the Pacific Theater of World War II. The operation to capture the islands, which was defended by the U.S. and Philippine Armies, was intended to prevent interference with Japan's expansion in Southeast Asia. On December 8, 1941, several hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japanese planes began bombing U.S. forces in the Philippines, including aircraft at Clark Field near the capital of Manila on the island of Luzon. Japanese landings on northern Luzon began two days later, and were followed on December 22 by major landings at Lingayen Gulf and Lamon Bay by the Japanese Fourteenth Army under Masaharu Homma. The defense of the Philippines was led by Douglas MacArthur, who ordered his soldiers to evacuate Manila to the Bataan Peninsula ahead of the Japanese advance. Japanese troops captured Manila by January 7, 1942, and after their failure to penetrate the Bataan defensive perimeter in early February, began a 40-day siege, enabled by a naval blockade of the islands. The U.S. and Philippine troops on Bataan eventually surrendered on April 9 and were then subjected to the Bataan Death March, which was marked by Japanese atrocities and mistreatment. The campaign to capture the Philippines took much longer than planned by the Japanese, who in early January 1942 had decided to advance their timetable of operations in Borneo and Indonesia and withdraw their best division and the bulk of their airpower. This, coupled with the decision of MacArthur to withdraw U.S. and Philippine forces to Bataan, enabled the defenders to hold out for three months. The harbor and port facilities of Manila Bay were denied to the Japanese until the capture of Corregidor Island on May 6. While offensive operations in the Dutch East Indies were unaffected, this heavily hindered operations in New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, buying time for the U.S. Navy to plan to engage the Japanese at Guadalcanal rather than much further east. Japan's conquest of the Philippines is often considered the worst military defeat in U.S. history. About 23,000 U.S. military personnel and about 100,000 Filipino soldiers were killed or captured. #PhilippinesCampaign1941-1942 #BattleOfThePhilippines #FallOfThePhilippines #AsiaPacificWar #PacificOceanTheatreOfWWII #PacificOceanTheaterOfWWII #SouthWestPacificTheatreOfWWII #SouthWestPacificTheaterOfWWII #WorldWarII #WWII #WW2 #WorldWarTwo #WorldWar2 #SecondWorldWar
The Battle Of Midway was a major naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II that took place on June 4-7, 1942, six months after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor and one month after the Battle of the Coral Sea. The Japanese Combined Fleet under the command of Isoroku Yamamoto suffered a decisive defeat by the U.S. Pacific Fleet near Midway Atoll, about 1,300 mi (1,100 nmi; 2,100 km) northwest of Oahu. Yamamoto had intended to capture Midway and lure out and destroy the U.S. Pacific Fleet, especially the aircraft carriers which had escaped damage at Pearl Harbor. Before the battle, Japan desired to extend its Pacific defense perimeter, especially after the Doolittle air raid of Tokyo in April 1942, and to clear the seas for attacks on Midway, Fiji, Samoa, and Hawaii. A related Japanese attack on the Aleutian Islands began one day earlier, on 3 June. The Japanese strike force at Midway, known as the Kido Butai, was commanded by Chuichi Nagumo. Yamamoto's plan for the operation, which depended on precise timing and coordination, was undermined by its wide dispersal of forces, which left the rest of the fleet unable to support the Kido Butai effectively. On June 4, the Japanese began bombing Midway and prepared to wait for the Pacific Fleet to arrive from Pearl Harbor to defend the island. Unknown to Yamamoto, U.S. code breakers had determined the date and location of his planned attack, enabling the Americans to prepare their own ambush; Chester Nimitz, commander of the Pacific Fleet, had sent a large force under Frank Jack Fletcher to the Midway area before the Japanese had arrived. Land-based planes from Midway and carrier-based planes from the U.S. fleet surprised and attacked Nagumo's force. All four Japanese fleet carriers -- Akagi, Kaga, Soryu, and Hiryu -- present at the battle were sunk, as was the heavy cruiser Mikuma. Japan also lost 3,000 men, including many well-trained and difficult-to-replace pilots. The U.S. lost the carrier Yorktown and the destroyer Hammann, while the carriers Enterprise and Hornet (under the command of Raymond Spruance during the battle) survived the fighting without damage. The Battle Of Midway, along with the Guadalcanal campaign, is widely considered a turning point in the Pacific War. After Midway and the attrition of the Solomon Islands campaign, Japan's ability to replace its losses in materiel and trained men became rapidly insufficient, while the U.S.'s massive industrial and training capabilities increased over time. Historian John Keegan called the battle "the most stunning and decisive blow in the history of naval warfare", while historian Craig Symonds called it "one of the most consequential naval engagements in world history, ranking alongside Salamis, Trafalgar, and Tsushima Strait, as both tactically decisive and strategically influential." #BattleOfMidway #MidwayIsland #MidwayAtoll #Cryptology #StationHYPO #JN25 #USNavy #USN #ImperialJapanseNavy #IJN #NavalAviation #NavalAviationHistory #Aviation #AviationHistory #NavalCombat #Carriers #AircraftCarriers #FlatTops #CombinedFleet #Akagi #Kaga #Soryu #Hiryu #NobutakeKondo #ChiuchiNagumo #IsorokuYamamoto #USPacificFleet #USSYorktown #USSEnterprise #USSHornet #RaymondASpruance #FrankJackFletcher #ChesterANimitz #PacificWar #AsiaPacificWar #PacificOceanTheatreOfWWII #PacificOceanTheaterOfWWII #SouthWestPacificTheatreOfWWII #SouthWestPacificTheaterOfWWII #AsiaticPacificTheater #WorldWarII #WorldWar2 #WWII #WW2 #WorldWarTwo #WorldWar2 #SecondWorldWar #JapanWWII #USWWII
There were two Battles )f El Alamein in World War II, both fought in 1942. The battles occurred during the North African campaign in Egypt, in and around an area named after a railway stop called El Alamein. The First Battle of El Alamein of July 1-27, 1942 saw the advance of Axis troops on Alexandria which was blunted by the Allies, stopping the Italian and German forces that were trying to outflank the Allies' position. The Second Battle of El Alamein off October 23 to November 4, 1942 was an Allied Victory that broke the Axis line, forcing them all the way back to Tunisia and led Winston Churchill to remark in 1950 that "It may almost be said, 'Before Alamein we never had a victory. After Alamein we never had a defeat'" #BattleOfElAlamein #FirstBattleOfElAlamein #SecondBattleOfElAlamein #TunisiaCampaign #WesternDesertCampaign #NorthAfricanCampaign #BernardMontgomery #ErwinRommel #EighthArmyUK #AfrikaKorp #WorldWarII #WWII #WW2 #WorldWarTwo #WorldWar2 #SecondWorldWar #WW2
The Battle Of Kasserine Pass took place from February 19-24, 1943 at Kasserine Pass, a 2-mile-wide (3.2 km) gap in the Grand Dorsal chain of the Atlas Mountains in west central Tunisia. It was a part of The Tunisian Campaign of World War II. The Axis forces, led by Generalfeldmarschall Erwin Rommel, were primarily from the Afrika Korps Assault Group, the Italian Centauro Armored Division and two Panzer divisions detached from the 5th Panzer Army, while the Allied forces were from the U.S. II Corps (Major General Lloyd Fredendall), the British 6th Armoured Division (Major-General Charles Keightley) and other parts of the First Army (Lieutenant-General Kenneth Anderson). The battle was the first major engagement between U.S. and Axis forces in Africa. The initial handful of American battalions suffered many casualties and were successively pushed back over 50 miles (80 km) from their original positions west of Faid Pass, until they met an advancing brigade of the U.S. 1st Armored Division. British forces were also driven back, losing all 11 of their tanks in the process. After the initial reversal, Allied reinforcements with strong artillery support stopped the Axis advance, and an American counterattack recaptured the mountain passes in western Tunisia, defeating the Axis offensive. The Axis force was overextended and pinned down by the Allied artillery. Facing counterattacks and airstrikes, they withdrew from the Kasserine Pass by 24 February. Anderson was subsequently criticised by his contemporaries for, among other things, dispersing the three combat commands of the 1st Armored Division, despite the objections of the divisional commander, Major-General Orlando Ward. As a result of lessons learned in this battle, the U.S. Army instituted sweeping changes in unit organization and tactics, and replaced some commanders and some types of equipment. #BattleOfKasserinePass #TunisiaCampaign #NorthAfricanCampaign #ErwinRommel #AfrikaKorps #WorldWarII #WWII #WW2 #WorldWarTwo #WorldWar2 #SecondWorldWar
The Allied Invasion Of Sicily, also known as The Battle Of Sicily and Operation Husky, was a major campaign of World War II in which Allied forces invaded the Italian island of Sicily in July 1943 and took it from the Axis forces defended by the Italian 6th Army and the German XIV Panzer Corps. It paved the way for the Allied invasion of mainland Italy and initiated the Italian campaign that ultimately removed Italy from the war. With the conclusion of the North Africa campaign in May 1943, the victorious Allies had for the first time ejected the Axis powers from an entire theatre of war. Now at Italy's doorstep, the Allied powers -- led by the United States and United Kingdom -- decided to attack Axis forces in Europe via Italy, rather than western Europe, due to several converging factors, including wavering Italian morale, control over strategic Mediterranean sea lanes, and the vulnerability of German supply lines along the Italian peninsula. To divert some Axis forces to other areas, the Allies engaged in several deception operations, the most famous and successful of which was Operation Mincemeat. Husky began on the night of July 9-10, 1943 with a large amphibious and airborne operation, followed by a six-week land campaign that ended on August 17. The Allies successfully achieved their primary aims: Axis air, land and naval forces were driven from the island, and the Mediterranean was now open to Allied merchant ships for the first time since 1941. These events led to the ousting of Italian leader Benito Mussolini and the fall of his regime, which was replaced by a new government. Italy's collapse necessitated German troops replacing Italian forces in the country, and to a lesser extent the Balkans, resulting in one-fifth of the entire German army being diverted from the intensive Eastern Front, a proportion that would remain until near the end of the war. #AlliedInvasionOfSicily #OperationHusky #ItalianCampaignOfWWII #MediterraneanAndMiddleEastTheatreOfWWII
The Allied Island-Hopping Campaign Of The Pacific War, also known as Leapfrogging, was an amphibious military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific War against the Empire of Japan during World War II. The key idea was to bypass heavily fortified enemy islands instead of trying to capture every island in sequence en route to a final target. The reasoning was that those heavily fortified islands could simply be cut off from their supply chains (leading to their eventual capitulation) rather than needing to be overwhelmed by superior force, thus speeding up progress and reducing losses of troops and materiel. The strategy did not prove entirely successful, as many Japanese garrisons survived longer than the Allies expected. #AlliedIsland-HoppingCampaign #Island-HoppingCampaign #DouglasMacArthur #PacificWar #AsiaPacificWar #PacificOceanTheatreOfWWII #PacificOceanTheaterOfWWII #SouthWestPacificTheatreOfWWII #SouthWestPacificTheaterOfWWII #AsiaticPacificTheater #WorldWarII #WorldWar2 #WWII #WW2 #WorldWarTwo #WorldWar2 #SecondWorldWar #JapanWWII #USWWII
Douglas MacArthur, American General of the Army for the United States, as well as a Field Marshal to the Philippine Army, Medal of Honor recipient (January 26, 1880 - April 5, 1964) was born a military brat at Little Rock Barracks, on a military base in Little Rock, Arkansas into a distinguished military family. His father, Arthur MacArthur Jr., then a U.S. Army captain, became a lieutenant general of the United States Armyand the military Governor-General of the American-occupied Philippines in 1900; his father's father was Scottish-born jurist and politician Arthur MacArthur Sr. Arthur Jr., who received the Medal of Honor for his actions with the Union Army in the Battle Of Missionary Ridge during the American Civil War, and was likewise promoted to the rank of lieutenant general. His mother, Mary Pinkney Hardy MacArthur (nicknamed "Pinky") came from a prominent Norfolk, Virginia, family. Two of her brothers had fought for the South in the Civil War, and refused to attend her wedding. Of the extended family, MacArthur is also distantly related to Matthew Perry, a Commodore of the U.S. Navy who played a leading role in the opening of Japan to the West with the Convention Of Kanagawa in 1854. Douglas MacArthur was Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s, and he played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during World War II. Macarthur received the Medal of Honor for his service in the Philippines campaign; this made him and his father Arthur MacArthur Jr. the first father and son to be awarded the medal. He was one of only five to rise to the rank of General of the Army in the U.S. Army, and the only one conferred the rank of field marshal in the Philippine Army. Raised in a military family in the American Old West, MacArthur was valedictorian at the West Texas Military Academy where he finished high school, and First Captain at the United States Military Academy at West Point, where he graduated top of the class of 1903. During the 1914 United States occupation of Veracruz, he conducted a reconnaissance mission, for which he was nominated for the Medal of Honor. In 1917, he was promoted from major to colonel and became chief of staff of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division. In the fighting on the Western Front during World War I, he rose to the rank of brigadier general, was again nominated for a Medal of Honor, and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross twice and the Silver Star seven times. From 1919 to 1922, MacArthur served as Superintendent of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, where he attempted a series of reforms. His next assignment was in the Philippines, where in 1924 he was instrumental in quelling the Philippine Scout Mutiny. In 1925, he became the Army's youngest major general. He served on the court-martial of Brigadier General Billy Mitchell and was president of the American Olympic Committee during the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam. In 1930, he became Chief of Staff of the United States Army. As such, he was involved in the expulsion of the Bonus Army protesters from Washington, D.C., in 1932, and the establishment and organization of the Civilian Conservation Corps. He retired from the U.S. Army in 1937 and became Military Advisor to the Commonwealth Government of the Philippines. MacArthur was recalled to active duty in 1941 as commander of United States Army Forces in the Far East. A series of disasters followed, starting with the destruction of his air forces on 8 December 1941 and the Japanese invasion of the Philippines. MacArthur's forces were soon compelled to withdraw to Bataan, where they held out until May 1942. In March 1942, MacArthur, his family and his staff left nearby Corregidor Island in PT boats and escaped to Australia, where MacArthur became Supreme Commander, Southwest Pacific Area. Upon his arrival, MacArthur gave a speech in which he famously promised "I shall return" to the Philippines. After more than two years of fighting, he fulfilled that promise. For his defense of the Philippines, MacArthur was awarded the Medal of Honor. He officially accepted the surrender of Japan on 2 September 1945 aboard the USS Missouri, which was anchored in Tokyo Bay, and he oversaw the occupation of Japan from 1945 to 1951. As the effective ruler of Japan, he oversaw sweeping economic, political and social changes. In 1950, after war broke out in Korea, he became commander of the United Nations forces. He led the United Nations Command in the Korean War with initial success; however, the invasion of North Korea provoked the Chinese, causing a series of major defeats. Disagreements with President Harry Truman over war policy resulted in his contentious dismissal from command by President Harry S. Truman on April 11, 1951. He then appeared before a joint session of Congress and announced his retirement, stating, "Old soldiers never die: they just fade away." He later became chairman of the board of Remington Rand. Douglas MacArthur died of natural causes in Washington D.C. at the age of 84. He is buried at athe MacArthur Memorial in Norfolk, Virginia. #DouglasMacArthur #FiveStarRank #FiveStarGenerals #PacificWar #AsiaPacificWar #PacificOceanTheatreOfWWII #PacificOceanTheaterOfWWII #SouthWestPacificTheatreOfWWII #SouthWestPacificTheaterOfWWII #AsiaticPacificTheater #PhilippinesCampaign #WorldWarII #WWII #WW2 #WorldWarTwo #WorldWar2 #SecondWorldWar #WorldWarI #WorldWarOne #WorldWar1 #WWI #WW1 #FirstWorldWar #FirstEuropeanWar #WarToEndAllWars #TheWarToEndAllWars #TheGreatWar #EuropeanCivilWar #KoreanWar #KoreanConflict #ColdWar #BonusArmy #CivilianConservationCorp #CCC
George Marshall, American general, statesman and politician, 50th United States Secretary Of State, Nobel Prize laureate (December 31, 1880 - October 16, 1959) was born George Catlett Marshall Jr. in Uniontown, Pennsylvania. George Catlett Marshall Jr. was Chief Of Staff of the United States Army under presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, and served as Secretary Of State and Secretary Of Defense under Truman. He was hailed as the "organizer of victory" by Winston Churchill for his leadership of the Allied victory in World War II. Marshall was a 1901 graduate of the Virginia Military Institute. In the years after the Spanish-American War, he served in the United States and overseas in positions of increasing rank and responsibility, including platoon leader and company commander in the Philippines during the Philippine-American War. He was the Honor Graduate of his Infantry-Cavalry School Course in 1907, and graduated first in his 1908 Army Staff College class. After the United States entered World War I, Marshall served as aide-de-camp with General J. Franklin Bell, the commander of the Western Department, while Bell commanded the Department of the East. Subsequently assigned to the staff of the American Expeditionary Forces headquarters, he was a key planner of American operations including the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. After the war, Marshall was assigned as an aide-de-camp to John J. Pershing, who was then serving as the Army's Chief Of Staff. He later served on the Army staff, commanded the 15th Infantry Regiment in China, and was an instructor at the Army War College. In 1927, he became assistant commandant of the Army's Infantry School, where he modernized command and staff processes, which proved to be of major benefit during World War II. In 1932 and 1933 he commanded the 8th Infantry Regiment and Fort Screven, Georgia. Marshall commanded 5th Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division and Vancouver Barracks from 1936 to 1938, and received promotion to brigadier general. During this command, Marshall was also responsible for 35 Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) camps in Oregon and southern Washington. In July 1938, Marshall was assigned to the War Plans Division on the War Department staff, and he was subsequently appointed as the Army's Deputy Chief Of Staff. When Chief Of Staff Malin Craig retired in 1939, Marshall became acting Chief Of Staff, and then Chief Of Staff. He served as Chief Of Staff until the end of the war in 1945. As Chief Of Staff, Marshall organized the largest military expansion in U.S. history, expanding the Army from 130,000 to 8,300,000 men, and received promotion to five-star rank as General of the Army. Marshall coordinated Allied operations in Europe and the Pacific until the end of the war; in addition to being hailed as the organizer of Allied victory by Winston Churchill, Time magazine named Marshall its Man of the Year for 1943. Marshall retired from active service in 1945, but remained on active duty, a requirement for holders of five-star rank. In late 1945 and early 1946 he served as a special envoy to China in an unsuccessful effort to negotiate a coalition government between the Nationalists of Chiang Kai-shek and Communists under Mao Zedong. As Secretary Of State from 1947 to 1949, Marshall received credit for the Marshall Plan for Europe's post-war rebuilding, the success of which was recognized with award of the 1953 Nobel Peace Prize. After resigning as Secretary Of State, Marshall served as chairman of American Battle Monuments Commission and president of the American National Red Cross. As Secretary Of Defense at the start of the Korean War, Marshall worked to restore the military's confidence and morale at the end of its post-World War II demobilization and then its initial buildup for combat in Korea and operations during the Cold War. After resigning as Defense Secretary, Marshall retired to his home in Virginia. George Marshall died after a series of strokes at Walter Reed Hospital in Washington, D.C.. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery. #GeorgeMarshall #GeorgeCMarshall #GeorgeCatlettMarshalJr #WorldWarII #WWII #WWI #WorldWarI #KoreanWar #KoreanConflict #ColdWars #BetweenTheWars #InterwarPeriod #CausesOfWorldWarII #CausesOfWWII #EventsLeadingToWorldWarII #EventsLeadingToWWII #RoadToWorldWarII #RoadToWWII #RoadToWar #CausesOfWorldWarII #CausesOfWWII #EventsLeadingToWorldWarII #EventsLeadingToWWII #ColdWar #MarshallPlan #PacificWar #AsiaPacificWar #AsiaticPacificTheater #VMI #VirginaMilitaryInstitute
Chester W. Nimitz, American admiral (February 24, 1885 - February 20, 1966) was born Chester William Nimitz in Fredericksburg, Texas, a German Texan and son of Anna Josephine (Henke) and Chester Bernhard Nimitz on February 24, 1885, in Fredericksburg, Texas, where his grandfather's hotel is now the Admiral Nimitz State Historic Site (The National Museum of the Pacific War). Chester William Nimitz Sr. was a fleet admiral of the United States Navy. He played a major role in the naval history of World War II as Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet (CinCPac) and Commander in Chief, Pacific Ocean Areas (CinCPOA), commanding Allied air, land, and sea forces during World War II. He signed the Japanese surrender document on September 2, 1945. Nimitz was the leading US Navy authority on submarines. Qualified in submarines during his early years, he later oversaw the conversion of these vessels' propulsion from gasoline to diesel, and then later was key in acquiring approval to build the world's first nuclear-powered submarine, USS Nautilus, whose propulsion system later completely superseded diesel-powered submarines in the US. He also, beginning in 1917, was the Navy's leading developer of underway replenishment techniques, the tool which during the Pacific war would allow the US fleet to operate away from port almost indefinitely. The chief of the Navy's Bureau of Navigation in 1939, Nimitz served as Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) from 1945 until 1947. He was the United States' last surviving officer who served in the rank of fleet admiral. Chester W. Nimitz died some months after he suffered a stroke, complicated by pneumonia, at home in the evening at Quarters One on Yerba Buena Island in San Francisco Bay, four days before his February 24th 81st birthday. His funeral was held on what would have been his 81st birthday at the chapel of adjacent Naval Station Treasure Island. Nimitz was buried with full military honors at Golden Gate National Cemetery in San Bruno. He lies alongside his wife and his long-term friends Admiral Raymond A. Spruance, Admiral Richmond K. Turner, and Admiral Charles A. Lockwood and their wives, an arrangement made by all of them while living. #ChesterANimitz #ChesterWNimitz #Nimitz #PacificWar #AsiaPacificWar #PacificOceanTheatreOfWWII #PacificOceanTheaterOfWWII #SouthWestPacificTheatreOfWWII #SouthWestPacificTheaterOfWWII #AsiaticPacificTheater #Submarines #WorldWarII #WWII #WW2 #WorldWarTwo #WorldWar2 #SecondWorldWar
Erwin Rommel, German General, Field Marshal and military theorist (November 15, 1891 - October 14, 1944) was born Johannes Erwin Eugen Rommel at Heidenheim, in Wurttemberg, Germany. Popularly known as the Desert Fox, he served as field marshal in the Wehrmacht (armed forces) of Nazi Germany during World War II, as well as serving in the Reichswehr of the Weimar Republic, and the army of Imperial Germany. Rommel was a highly decorated officer in World War I and was awarded the Pour le Merite, Germany's highest military award,for his actions on the Italian Front. In 1937 he published his classic book on military tactics, Infantry Attacks, drawing on his experiences in that war. In World War II, he distinguished himself as the commander of the 7th Panzer Division during the 1940 Battle Of France. His early victories and leadership of German and Italian forces in the North African campaign established his reputation as one of the ablest tank commanders of the war, and earned him the nickname der Wustenfuchs, "the Desert Fox". However, in 1943, he was defeated at El Alamein by the British under General Montgomery. Among his British adversaries he had a reputation for chivalry, and his phrase "war without hate" has been used to describe the North African campaign. A number of historians have since rejected the phrase as myth and uncovered numerous examples of war crimes and abuses both towards enemy soldiers and native populations in Africa during the conflict. Other historians note that there is no clear evidence Rommel was involved or aware of these crimes (although Caron and Mullner point out that his military successes allowed these crimes to happen) with some pointing out that the war in the desert, as fought by Rommel and his opponents, still came as close to a clean fight as there was in World War II. He later commanded the German forces opposing the Allied cross-channel invasion of Normandy in June 1944. A number of historians connect Rommel himself with war crimes, although this is not the opinion of the majority. With the Nazis gaining power in Germany, Rommel gradually came to accept the new regime, with historians giving different accounts on the specific period and his motivations. He is generally considered a supporter and close friend of Adolf Hitler, at least until near the end of the war, if not necessarily sympathetic to the party and the paramilitary forces associated with it. His stance towards Nazi ideology and his level of knowledge of the Holocaust remain matters of debate among scholars. In 1944, Rommel was implicated in the failed 20 July plot to assassinate Hitler. Because of Rommel's status as a national hero, Hitler desired to eliminate him quietly instead of immediately executing him, as many other plotters were. Rommel was given a choice between committing suicide, in return for assurances that his reputation would remain intact and that his family would not be persecuted following his death, or facing a trial that would result in his disgrace and execution; he chose the former and on October 14, 1944 committed suicide at age 52 near Ulm, Germany using a cyanide pill. Rommel was given a state funeral, and it was announced that he had succumbed to his injuries from the strafing of his staff car in Normandy. He is buried at the Friedhof Herrlingen in Herrlingen, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany. Rommel has become a larger-than-life figure in both Allied and Nazi propaganda, and in postwar popular culture, with numerous authors considering him an apolitical, brilliant commander and a victim of the Third Reich, although this assessment is contested by other authors as the Rommel myth. Rommel's reputation for conducting a clean war was used in the interest of the West German rearmament and reconciliation between the former enemies - the United Kingdom and the United States on one side and the new Federal Republic of Germany on the other. Several of Rommel's former subordinates, notably his Chief Of Staff Hans Speidel, played key roles in German rearmament and integration into NATO in the postwar era. The German Army's largest military base, the Field Marshal Rommel Barracks, Augustdorf, is named in his honour. #ErwinRommel #Generals #FieldMarshals #MilitaryTheorists #DesertFox #Wustenfuchs #Wuestenfuchs #PourLeMerite #Reichswehr #WeimarRepublic #ImperialGermanArmy #ImperialGermany #Wehrmacht #NaziGermany #ThirdReich #WesternFrontWorldWarI #WesternFrontWWI #EuropeanTheaterOfWWI #EuropeanTheatreOfWWI #WorldWarI #WorldWarOne #WorldWar1 #WWI #WW1 #FirstWorldWar #FirstEuropeanWar #WarToEndAllWars #TheWarToEndAllWars #TheGreatWar #WesternFrontWorldWarII #WesternFrontWWII #EuropeanTheaterOfWWII #EuropeanTheatreOfWWII #WorldWarII #WWII #WW2 #WorldWarTwo #WorldWar2 #SecondWorldWar #SecondEuropeanWar #EuropeanCivilWar #BattleOfElAlamein #SecondBattleOfElAlamein #TunisiaCampaign #WesternDesertCampaign #NorthAfricanCampaign #AfrikaKorp #The20JulyPlot #TheJuly20Plot #July20Plot #OperationValkyrie #AssassinationAttemptsOnAdolfHitler #PlotsToAssassinateHitler #HitlerAssassinationPlots #PlotsToAssassinateAdolfHitler #AdolfHitlerAssassinationPlots #Assassinations #MP4 #VideoDownload #DVD
Bernard Montgomery, English field marshal, nicknamed "Monty" and the "Spartan General" (November 17, 1887 - March 24, 1976) is #born Bernard Law Montgomery in Kennington, Surrey, England. Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery Of Alamein, KG, GCB, DSO, PC, DL, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, fought in both the First World War and the Second World War. He saw action in the First World War as a junior officer of the Royal Warwickshire Regiment. At Meteren, near the Belgian border at Bailleul, he was shot through the right lung by a sniper, during the First Battle Of Ypres. He returned to the Western Front as a general staff officer and took part in the Battle of Arras in April/May 1917. He also took part in the Battle Of Passchendaele in late 1917 before finishing the war as Chief Of Staff of the 47th (2nd London) Division. In the inter-war years he commanded the 17th (Service) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers and, later, the 1st Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Regiment before becoming commander of 9th Infantry Brigade and then General Officer Commanding (GOC) 8th Infantry Division. During the Second World War he commanded the British Eighth Army from August 1942 in the Western Desert until the final Allied victory in Tunisia in May 1943. This command included the Second Battle Of El Alamein, a turning point in the Western Desert Campaign. He subsequently commanded the British Eighth Army during the Allied invasion of Sicily and the Allied invasion of Italy. He was in command of all Allied ground forces during Operation Overlord from the initial landings until after the Battle of Normandy. He then continued in command of the 21st Army Group for the rest of the campaign in North West Europe. As such he was the principal field commander for the failed airborne attempt to bridge the Rhine at Arnhem, and the Allied Rhine crossing. On 4 May 1945 he took the German surrender at Luneburg Heath in Northern Germany. After the war he became Commander-In-Chief of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) in Germany and then Chief of the Imperial General Staff (1946-1948). He then served as Deputy Supreme Commander of NATO in Europe until his retirement in 1958. Montgomery died at his home Isington Mill in Isington, Hampshire, aged 88. After a funeral at St George's Chapel, Windsor, his body was buried in Holy Cross churchyard, in Binsted, Hampshire. #BernardMontgomery #BernardLawMontgomery #FieldMarshalBernardMontgomery #FieldMarshalBernardLawMontgomery #BritishEighthArmy #EighthArmyUK #BattleOfElAlamein #SecondBattleOfElAlamein #Tobruk #SiegeOfTobruk #TunisiaCampaign #WesternDesertCampaign #NorthAfricanCampaign #MediterraneanTheaterOfOperations #NorthAfricanTheaterOfOperations #AlliedInvasionOfSicily #OperationFortitude #BattleOfAlamElHalfa #WorldWarII #OperationOverlord #DDay #OperationMarketGarden #BattleOfArnhem #BattleOfNormandy #OperationNeptune #VictoryInEurope #AlliedAdvanceFromParisToTheRhine #WWII
Dwight D. Eisenhower, GCB, OM, RE, GCS, CCLH, KC, NPk, popularly known as "Ike", American general, politician and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961 (October 14, 1890 - March 28, 1969) was born Dwight David Eisenhower in Denison, Texas. During World War II, he served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force in Europe, and achieved the rare five-star rank of General of the Army. He was responsible for planning and supervising the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in 1942-1943 and the successful invasion of Normandy in 1944-1945 from the Western Front. Eisenhower was raised in Abilene, Kansas, in a large family of mostly Pennsylvania Dutch ancestry. His family had a strong religious background. His mother became a Jehovah's Witness. Eisenhower, however, did not belong to any organized church until 1952. He graduated from West Point in 1915 and later married Mamie Doud, with whom he had two sons. During World War I, he was denied a request to serve in Europe and instead commanded a unit that trained tank crews. Following the war, he served under various generals and was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in 1941. After the United States entered World War II, Eisenhower oversaw the invasions of North Africa and Sicily before supervising the invasions of France and Germany. After the war, he served as Army Chief of Staff (1945-1948), as president of Columbia University (1948-1953) and as the first Supreme Commander of NATO (1951-1952). In 1952, Eisenhower entered the presidential race as a Republican to block the isolationist foreign policies of Senator Robert A. Taft; Taft opposed NATO and wanted no foreign entanglements. Eisenhower won that election and the 1956 election in landslides, both times defeating Adlai Stevenson II. Eisenhower's main goals in office were to contain the spread of communism and reduce federal deficits. In 1953, he threatened to use nuclear weapons until China agreed to peace terms in the Korean War. China did agree and an armistice resulted which remains in effect. His New Look policy of nuclear deterrence prioritized inexpensive nuclear weapons while reducing funding for expensive Army divisions. He continued Harry S. Truman's policy of recognizing Taiwan as the legitimate government of China, and he won congressional approval of the Formosa Resolution. His administration provided major aid to help the French fight off Vietnamese Communists in the First Indochina War. After the French left, he gave strong financial support to the new state of South Vietnam. He supported regime-changing military coups in Iran and Guatemala orchestrated by his own administration. During the Suez Crisis of 1956, he condemned the Israeli, British, and French invasion of Egypt, and he forced them to withdraw. He also condemned the Soviet invasion during the Hungarian Revolution Of 1956 but took no action. After the Soviet Union launched Sputnik in 1957, Eisenhower authorized the establishment of NASA, which led to the Space Race. He deployed 15,000 soldiers during the 1958 Lebanon crisis. Near the end of his term, he failed to set up a summit meeting with the Soviets when a U.S. spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union. He approved the Bay Of Pigs invasion, which was left to John F. Kennedy to carry out. On the domestic front, Eisenhower was a moderate conservative who continued New Deal agencies and expanded Social Security. He covertly opposed Joseph McCarthy and contributed to the end of McCarthyism by openly invoking executive privilege. He signed the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and sent Army troops to enforce federal court orders which integrated schools in Little Rock, Arkansas. His largest program was the Interstate Highway System. He promoted the establishment of strong science education via the National Defense Education Act. His two terms saw unprecedented economic prosperity except for a minor recession in 1958. In his farewell address to the nation, he expressed his concerns about the dangers of massive military spending, particularly deficit spending and government contracts to private military manufacturers, which he dubbed "the military-industrial complex". Historical evaluations of his presidency place him among the upper tier of American presidents. Dwight D. Eisenhower died in the morning in Washington, D.C., of congestive heart failure at Walter Reed Army Medical Center, at age 78. The following day, his body was moved to the Washington National Cathedral's Bethlehem Chapel, where he lay in repose for 28 hours. He was then transported to the United States Capitol, where he lay in state in the Capitol Rotunda on March 30 and 31. A state funeral service was conducted at the Washington National Cathedral on March 31. The president and First Lady, Richard and Pat Nixon, attended, as did former president Lyndon Johnson. Also among the 2,000 invited guests were U.N. Secretary General U Thant and 191 foreign delegates from 78 countries, including 10 foreign heads of state and government. Notable guests included President Charles de Gaulle of France, who was in the United States for the first time since the state funeral of John F. Kennedy, Chancellor Kurt-Georg Kiesinger of West Germany, King Baudouin of Belgium and Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi of Iran. The service included the singing of Faure's The Palms, and the playing of the hymn Onward, Christian Soldiers. That evening, Eisenhower's body was placed onto a special funeral train for its journey from the nation's capital through seven states to his hometown of Abilene, Kansas. First incorporated into President Abraham Lincoln's funeral in 1865, a funeral train would not be part of a U.S. state funeral again until 2018. Eisenhower is buried inside The Place Of Meditation, the chapel on the grounds of the Eisenhower Presidential Center in Abilene. As requested, he was buried in a Government Issue casket, wearing his World War II uniform, decorated with Army Distinguished Service Medal with three oak leaf clusters, Navy Distinguished Service Medal, and the Legion of Merit. Buried alongside Eisenhower are his son Doud, who died at age 3 in 1921, and wife Mamie, who died in 1979. President Richard Nixon eulogized Eisenhower in 1969, saying: "Some men are considered great because they lead great armies or they lead powerful nations. For eight years now, Dwight Eisenhower has neither commanded an army nor led a nation; and yet he remained through his final days the world's most admired and respected man, truly the first citizen of the world." #DwightDEisenhower #DwightEisenhower #Eisenhower #Ike #PresidentsOfTheUS #POTUS #POTUSHistory #AmericanPresidents #FiveStarRank #FiveStarGeneral #AmericanHistory #WesternFrontWorldWarII #WesternFrontWWII #SCAFE #SHAEF #SCAFE #WorldWarII #WWII #WW2 #WorldWarTwo #WorldWar2 #SecondWorldWar #ColdWar #ColdWarriors #Eisenhower #AmericanHistory #HistoryOfTheUS #WesternCulture #WesternCivilization #OccidentalCulture #WesternWorld #WesternSociety #WesternTradition #StoryOfCivilization
George S. Patton, general in the United States Army who commanded the Seventh United States Army in the Mediterranean theater of World War II, and the Third United States Army in France and Germany after the Allied invasion of Normandy in June 1944 (November 11, 1885 - December 21, 1945) was born George Smith Patton Jr. in San Gabriel, California to a family with an extensive military background (with members having served in both the United States Army and Confederate States Army), Patton attended the Virginia Military Institute and the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. He studied fencing and designed the M1913 Cavalry Saber, more commonly known as the "Patton Sword", and partially due to his skill in the sport, he competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden. Patton first saw combat during the Pancho Villa Expedition in 1916, taking part in America's first military action using motor vehicles. He later joined the newly formed United States Tank Corps of the American Expeditionary Forces and saw action in World War I, commanding the U.S. tank school in France before being wounded while leading tanks into combat near the end of the war. In the interwar period, Patton remained a central figure in the development of armored warfare doctrine in the U.S. Army, serving in numerous staff positions throughout the country. Rising through the ranks, he commanded the 2nd Armored Division at the time of the American entry into World War II. Patton led U.S. troops into the Mediterranean theater with an invasion of Casablanca during Operation Torch in 1942, where he later established himself as an effective commander through his rapid rehabilitation of the demoralized U.S. II Corps. He commanded the U.S. Seventh Army during the Allied invasion of Sicily, where he was the first Allied commander to reach Messina. There he was embroiled in controversy after he slapped two shell-shocked soldiers under his command, and was temporarily removed from battlefield command for other duties such as participating in Operation Fortitude's disinformation campaign for Operation Overlord. Patton returned to command the Third Army following the invasion of Normandy in June 1944, where he led a highly successful rapid armored drive across France. He led the relief of beleaguered American troops at Bastogne during the Battle Of The Bulge, and advanced his Third Army into Nazi Germany by the end of the war. After the war, Patton became the military governor of Bavaria, but he was relieved of this post because of his statements trivializing denazification. He commanded the United States Fifteenth Army for slightly more than two months. Patton died in Germany following a car accident. He had been injured on December 9 near Mannheim and was taken to a hospital in Heidelberg, where he died. He is buried in The Luxembourg American Cemetery And Memorial, a Second World War American military war grave cemetery located in Hamm, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg. Patton's colorful image, hard-driving personality and success as a commander were at times overshadowed by his controversial public statements. His philosophy of leading from the front and his ability to inspire troops with vulgarity-ridden speeches, such as a famous address to the Third Army, attracted favorable attention. His strong emphasis on rapid and aggressive offensive action proved effective. While Allied leaders held sharply differing opinions on Patton, he was regarded highly by his opponents in the German High Command. A popular, award-winning biographical film released in 1970 helped transform Patton into an American hero. #Patton #GeorgeSPatton #US3rdArmy #ThirdUnitedStatesArmy #OldBloodAndGuts #WorldWarI #WorldWarOne #WorldWar1 #WWI #WW1 #FirstWorldWar #FirstEuropeanWar #WarToEndAllWars #TheWarToEndAllWars #TheGreatWar #EuropeanCivilWar #WorldWarII #WWII #PanchoVillaExpedition #SeventhUnitedStatesArmy #MediterraneanTheaterOfOperations #NorthAfricanTheaterOfOperations #MediterraneanAndMiddleEastTheatreOfWorldWarII #VirginiaMilitaryInstitute #VMI #TankCorpsOfTheAmericanExpeditionaryForces #AmericanExpeditionaryForces #ArmouredWarfare #MechanisedWarfare #TankWarfare #UnitedStates2ndArmoredDivision #EuropeanTheatreOfWorldWarII #SecondEuropeanWar #OperationTorch #UnitedStatesIICorps #AlliedInvasionOfSicily #OperationFortitude #AlliedAdvanceFromParisToTheRhine #SiegeOfBastogne #BattleOfTheBulge #FifteenthUnitedStatesArmy #Denazification #GeorgeSPattonsSpeechToTheThirdArmy
Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr., United States Army General and engineer, who while serving as Commander-In-Chief, United States Central Command, led all coalition forces in the Gulf War (August 22, 1934 - December 27, 2012) was born Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf Jr. in Trenton, New Jersey. His father, Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf Sr., was a 1917 graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point and a veteran of World War I. His mother was a housewife from West Virginia who was distantly related to Thomas Jefferson. The senior Schwarzkopf later became the Superintendent of the New Jersey State Police, where he worked as a lead investigator on the 1932 Lindbergh baby kidnapping case. In January 1952, the younger Schwarzkopf's birth certificate was amended to make his name "H. Norman Schwarzkopf", reportedly because his father detested his first name. Born in Trenton, New Jersey, Schwarzkopf Jr. grew up in the United States and later in Iran. He was accepted by the U.S. Military Academy at West Point and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the United States Army in 1956. After a number of initial training programs, Schwarzkopf interrupted a stint as an academy teacher, and served in the Vietnam War first as an adviser to the South Vietnamese Army and later as a battalion commander. Schwarzkopf was highly decorated in Vietnam, being awarded three Silver Star Medals, two Purple Hearts, and the Legion of Merit. Rising through the ranks after the conflict, he later commanded the U.S. 24th Infantry Division and was one of the commanders of the Invasion of Grenada in 1983. Assuming command of United States Central Command in 1988, Schwarzkopf was called on to respond to the Invasion Of Kuwait in 1990 by the forces of Iraq under Saddam Hussein. Initially tasked with defending Saudi Arabia from Iraqi aggression, Schwarzkopf's command eventually grew to an international force of over 750,000 troops. After diplomatic relations broke down, he planned and led Operation Desert Storm-an extended air campaign followed by a highly successful 100-hour ground offensive-which defeated the Iraqi Army and liberated Kuwait in early 1991. Schwarzkopf was presented with military honors. Schwarzkopf retired shortly after the end of the war and undertook a number of philanthropic ventures, only occasionally stepping into the political spotlight before his death from complications of pneumonia in late 2012. A hard-driving military commander with a strong temper, Schwarzkopf was considered an exceptional leader by many biographers and was noted for his abilities as a military diplomat and in dealing with the press. Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr. died of complications following a bout of pneumonia at the age of 78. A memorial service was conducted on February 28, 2013, at the Cadet Chapel at West Point, which was attended by Colin Powell, Schwarzkopf's family, and others. Schwarzkopf was cremated and his ashes were buried near those of his father in the West Point Cemetery in a ceremony attended by cadets, military leaders, New York and New Jersey State Police Troopers. Among reactions to Schwarzkopf's death, George H. W. Bush said of him: "General Norm Schwarzkopf, to me, epitomized the 'duty, service, country' creed that has defended our freedom and seen this great Nation through our most trying international crises. More than that, he was a good and decent man and a dear friend." In a statement, President Barack Obama said "From his decorated service in Vietnam to the historic liberation of Kuwait and his leadership of United States Central Command, General Schwarzkopf stood tall for the country and Army he loved." In a letter, Secretary of the Army John McHugh and Army Chief Of Staff General Raymond T. Odierno wrote in a joint statement, "Our nation owes a great debt of gratitude to General Schwarzkopf and our Soldiers will hold a special place in their hearts for this great leader. While much will be written in coming days of his many accomplishments, his most lasting and important legacies are the tremendous soldiers he trained and led." #NormanSchwarzkopf #NormanSchwarzkopfJr #StorminNorman #TheBear #WestPoint #USMilitaryAcademy #USMA #VietnamWar #SecondIndochinaWar #ResistanceWarAgainstAmerica #SilverStarMedals #SilverStars #PurpleHearts #LegionOfMerit #InvasionOfKuwait #Kuwait #Iraq #SaddamHussein #OperationDesertShield #OperationDesertStorm #GulfWar #GulfWarI #PersianGulfWar #FirstGulfWar
Charles Kuralt, American television, newspaper and radio journalist and author, most widely known for his long career with CBS, first for his "On the Road" segments on The CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite, and later as the first anchor of CBS News Sunday Morning, a position he held for fifteen years (September 10, 1934 - July 4, 1997) was born Charles Bishop Kuralt in Wilmington, North Carolina. Kuralt's On the Road segments were recognized twice with personal Peabody Awards. The first, awarded in 1968, cited those segments as heartwarming and "nostalgic vignettes." In 1975, his award was for his work as a U.S. "bicentennial historian"; his work "capture[d] the individuality of the people, the dynamic growth inherent in the area, and...the rich heritage of this great nation." Kuralt also won an Emmy Award for On the Road in 1978. He shared in a third Peabody awarded to CBS News Sunday Morning in 1979. In 1996, Kuralt was inducted into Television Hall of Fame of the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. Charles Kuralt died of heart failure at the age of 62 at New York-Presbyterian Hospital. By request in his will, Kuralt was buried on the UNC grounds in Old Chapel Hill Cemetery. After Kuralt's death, questions about his estate led to a decades-long companionship with a Montana woman named Patricia Shannon becoming public. Kuralt had a second, "shadow" family with Shannon of which his wife was unaware. Shannon asserted that the house in Montana had been willed to her, a position upheld by the Montana Supreme Court. According to court testimony, Kuralt met Shannon while doing a story on Pat Baker Park in Reno, Nevada, which Shannon had promoted and volunteered to build in 1968. The park was in a low-income area of Reno that had no parks until Shannon promoted her plan. Kuralt mentions Pat Shannon Baker and the building of the park, but not the nature of their relationship, in a book he published in 1990 chronicling his early life and journalistic career. #CharlesKuralt #Journalists #TelevisionJournalists #NewspaperJournalists #FadioJournalists #BroadcastJournalists #Authors #CBSNews #CBSEveningNews #CBSNewsSundayMorning
A Once-In-Forever Live Television Special In The Second Of A Series Of Historic Television Broadcast Events Hosted By Charles Kuralt And Desert Storm Commander Norman Schwarzkopf Jr., Which Aired During The June 4-7, 1992 50th Anniversary Of The Battle Of Midway From West Point Military Academy, And Was Dedicated To The Memory Of That Battle, The Battles Of America's First Year Of Fighting In World War II, And The Generals Of Both Sides Who Led Them -- Douglas MacArthur, George C. Marshall, Chester W. Nimitz, Erwin Rommel, Bernard Montgomery, Dwight D. Eisenhower, And George S. Patton! An Exploration Of The Great Battles Of 1942-1943: The Battle Of The Philippines, The Battle Of Midway, The Two Battles Of El Alamein And The Battle Of Kasserine Pass Of The Tunisan Campaign Of The North African Campaign, The Allied Invasion Of Sicily, The Allied Island-Hopping Campaign Of The Pacific War, With The Voices Of Charleton Heston As MacArthur, James Garner As Eisenhower, Christopher Plummer As Both Rommel And Montgomery, And Robert Mitchum As Patton, As Well As Anthony Hopkins, Mel Gibson, George Takei, Rod Steiger, And Matthew Broderick As The Last American To Broadcast From The Corregidor Private Irving Strobing, And Filled With Exclusive Interviews And Commentary With Those Public Figures Intimately Involved In The War At That Time, Such As War Correspondant Andy Rooney, War Correspondant Walter Cronkite, Winston Churchill's Daughter-In-Law Pamela Churchill Harriman, War Correspondent Robert Sherrod, MacArthur's Doctor Roger Egeberg, Military Historian John Keegan, US Army Historian Forrest Pogue, General Marshall's Aide Merrill Pasco, Marshall's Goddaughter Rose Wilson, Admiral Nimitz Aide Hal Lamar, US Navy Torpedo Plane Pilot At The Battle Of Midway George Gay, The Son Of Erwin Rommel Manfred Rommel, British Army Commander Lord Carver, Eisenhower's Son John And Grandson Dwight David Eisenhower II, Patton's Daughter Ruth Patton Totten, And Patton's Secretary Joseph Rosevich, As Well As Army Private Anton Bilek, Army Nurse Peggy Walcher, Army Sergeant Harold Feiner, Army Air Corps Sergeant Sam Moody, Army Air Corps Private James Brennan, Army Private John Ray, Japanese Army Commander Sadanari Seo, Japanese Army Commander Masayuki Koyama, Army Lieutenant Bruce Walcher, British Army Private Joe Levenson, Army Captain Edwin Lutz, Army Tank Commander Jimmie Leach, Complete With The Actual TV Commercials That Sponsored The Production Of This Unprecedented Event In Their Entirety, Presented In The Highest DVD Quality MPG Video Format Of 9.1 MBPS As An MP4 Video Download Or Archival Quality All Regions Format DVD! (Color, 1992, 1 Hour 45 Minutes.) #CharletonHeston #JamesGarner #ChristopherPlummer #RobertMitchum #AnthonyHopkins #MelGibson #GeorgeTakei #RodSteiger #MatthewBroderick #IrvingStrobing #WarCorrespondents #AndyRooney #WalterCronkite, #PamelaChurchillHarriman #RobertSherrod #RogerEgeberg #John Keegan ##ForrestPogue ##MerrillPasco #RoseWilson #HalLamar #GeorgeGay #ManfredRommel #LordCarver #JohnEisenhower #DwightDavidEisenhowerII #RuthPattonTotten #JosephRosevich #AntonBilek #PeggyWalcher #HaroldFeiner #SamMoody #James Brennan #JohnRay #SadanariSeo #MasayukiKoyama #BruceWalcher #JoeLevenson #EdwinLutz #JimmieLeach #Commercials #TVCommercials
The Philippines Campaign, also known as The Battle Of The Philippines (Filipino: Labanan Aa Pilipinas) or The Fall Of The Philippines, was the invasion of the Philippines by the Empire of Japan during the Pacific Theater of World War II. The operation to capture the islands, which was defended by the U.S. and Philippine Armies, was intended to prevent interference with Japan's expansion in Southeast Asia. On December 8, 1941, several hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japanese planes began bombing U.S. forces in the Philippines, including aircraft at Clark Field near the capital of Manila on the island of Luzon. Japanese landings on northern Luzon began two days later, and were followed on December 22 by major landings at Lingayen Gulf and Lamon Bay by the Japanese Fourteenth Army under Masaharu Homma. The defense of the Philippines was led by Douglas MacArthur, who ordered his soldiers to evacuate Manila to the Bataan Peninsula ahead of the Japanese advance. Japanese troops captured Manila by January 7, 1942, and after their failure to penetrate the Bataan defensive perimeter in early February, began a 40-day siege, enabled by a naval blockade of the islands. The U.S. and Philippine troops on Bataan eventually surrendered on April 9 and were then subjected to the Bataan Death March, which was marked by Japanese atrocities and mistreatment. The campaign to capture the Philippines took much longer than planned by the Japanese, who in early January 1942 had decided to advance their timetable of operations in Borneo and Indonesia and withdraw their best division and the bulk of their airpower. This, coupled with the decision of MacArthur to withdraw U.S. and Philippine forces to Bataan, enabled the defenders to hold out for three months. The harbor and port facilities of Manila Bay were denied to the Japanese until the capture of Corregidor Island on May 6. While offensive operations in the Dutch East Indies were unaffected, this heavily hindered operations in New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, buying time for the U.S. Navy to plan to engage the Japanese at Guadalcanal rather than much further east. Japan's conquest of the Philippines is often considered the worst military defeat in U.S. history. About 23,000 U.S. military personnel and about 100,000 Filipino soldiers were killed or captured. #PhilippinesCampaign1941-1942 #BattleOfThePhilippines #FallOfThePhilippines #AsiaPacificWar #PacificOceanTheatreOfWWII #PacificOceanTheaterOfWWII #SouthWestPacificTheatreOfWWII #SouthWestPacificTheaterOfWWII #WorldWarII #WWII #WW2 #WorldWarTwo #WorldWar2 #SecondWorldWar
The Battle Of Midway was a major naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II that took place on June 4-7, 1942, six months after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor and one month after the Battle of the Coral Sea. The Japanese Combined Fleet under the command of Isoroku Yamamoto suffered a decisive defeat by the U.S. Pacific Fleet near Midway Atoll, about 1,300 mi (1,100 nmi; 2,100 km) northwest of Oahu. Yamamoto had intended to capture Midway and lure out and destroy the U.S. Pacific Fleet, especially the aircraft carriers which had escaped damage at Pearl Harbor. Before the battle, Japan desired to extend its Pacific defense perimeter, especially after the Doolittle air raid of Tokyo in April 1942, and to clear the seas for attacks on Midway, Fiji, Samoa, and Hawaii. A related Japanese attack on the Aleutian Islands began one day earlier, on 3 June. The Japanese strike force at Midway, known as the Kido Butai, was commanded by Chuichi Nagumo. Yamamoto's plan for the operation, which depended on precise timing and coordination, was undermined by its wide dispersal of forces, which left the rest of the fleet unable to support the Kido Butai effectively. On June 4, the Japanese began bombing Midway and prepared to wait for the Pacific Fleet to arrive from Pearl Harbor to defend the island. Unknown to Yamamoto, U.S. code breakers had determined the date and location of his planned attack, enabling the Americans to prepare their own ambush; Chester Nimitz, commander of the Pacific Fleet, had sent a large force under Frank Jack Fletcher to the Midway area before the Japanese had arrived. Land-based planes from Midway and carrier-based planes from the U.S. fleet surprised and attacked Nagumo's force. All four Japanese fleet carriers -- Akagi, Kaga, Soryu, and Hiryu -- present at the battle were sunk, as was the heavy cruiser Mikuma. Japan also lost 3,000 men, including many well-trained and difficult-to-replace pilots. The U.S. lost the carrier Yorktown and the destroyer Hammann, while the carriers Enterprise and Hornet (under the command of Raymond Spruance during the battle) survived the fighting without damage. The Battle Of Midway, along with the Guadalcanal campaign, is widely considered a turning point in the Pacific War. After Midway and the attrition of the Solomon Islands campaign, Japan's ability to replace its losses in materiel and trained men became rapidly insufficient, while the U.S.'s massive industrial and training capabilities increased over time. Historian John Keegan called the battle "the most stunning and decisive blow in the history of naval warfare", while historian Craig Symonds called it "one of the most consequential naval engagements in world history, ranking alongside Salamis, Trafalgar, and Tsushima Strait, as both tactically decisive and strategically influential." #BattleOfMidway #MidwayIsland #MidwayAtoll #Cryptology #StationHYPO #JN25 #USNavy #USN #ImperialJapanseNavy #IJN #NavalAviation #NavalAviationHistory #Aviation #AviationHistory #NavalCombat #Carriers #AircraftCarriers #FlatTops #CombinedFleet #Akagi #Kaga #Soryu #Hiryu #NobutakeKondo #ChiuchiNagumo #IsorokuYamamoto #USPacificFleet #USSYorktown #USSEnterprise #USSHornet #RaymondASpruance #FrankJackFletcher #ChesterANimitz #PacificWar #AsiaPacificWar #PacificOceanTheatreOfWWII #PacificOceanTheaterOfWWII #SouthWestPacificTheatreOfWWII #SouthWestPacificTheaterOfWWII #AsiaticPacificTheater #WorldWarII #WorldWar2 #WWII #WW2 #WorldWarTwo #WorldWar2 #SecondWorldWar #JapanWWII #USWWII
There were two Battles )f El Alamein in World War II, both fought in 1942. The battles occurred during the North African campaign in Egypt, in and around an area named after a railway stop called El Alamein. The First Battle of El Alamein of July 1-27, 1942 saw the advance of Axis troops on Alexandria which was blunted by the Allies, stopping the Italian and German forces that were trying to outflank the Allies' position. The Second Battle of El Alamein off October 23 to November 4, 1942 was an Allied Victory that broke the Axis line, forcing them all the way back to Tunisia and led Winston Churchill to remark in 1950 that "It may almost be said, 'Before Alamein we never had a victory. After Alamein we never had a defeat'" #BattleOfElAlamein #FirstBattleOfElAlamein #SecondBattleOfElAlamein #TunisiaCampaign #WesternDesertCampaign #NorthAfricanCampaign #BernardMontgomery #ErwinRommel #EighthArmyUK #AfrikaKorp #WorldWarII #WWII #WW2 #WorldWarTwo #WorldWar2 #SecondWorldWar #WW2
The Battle Of Kasserine Pass took place from February 19-24, 1943 at Kasserine Pass, a 2-mile-wide (3.2 km) gap in the Grand Dorsal chain of the Atlas Mountains in west central Tunisia. It was a part of The Tunisian Campaign of World War II. The Axis forces, led by Generalfeldmarschall Erwin Rommel, were primarily from the Afrika Korps Assault Group, the Italian Centauro Armored Division and two Panzer divisions detached from the 5th Panzer Army, while the Allied forces were from the U.S. II Corps (Major General Lloyd Fredendall), the British 6th Armoured Division (Major-General Charles Keightley) and other parts of the First Army (Lieutenant-General Kenneth Anderson). The battle was the first major engagement between U.S. and Axis forces in Africa. The initial handful of American battalions suffered many casualties and were successively pushed back over 50 miles (80 km) from their original positions west of Faid Pass, until they met an advancing brigade of the U.S. 1st Armored Division. British forces were also driven back, losing all 11 of their tanks in the process. After the initial reversal, Allied reinforcements with strong artillery support stopped the Axis advance, and an American counterattack recaptured the mountain passes in western Tunisia, defeating the Axis offensive. The Axis force was overextended and pinned down by the Allied artillery. Facing counterattacks and airstrikes, they withdrew from the Kasserine Pass by 24 February. Anderson was subsequently criticised by his contemporaries for, among other things, dispersing the three combat commands of the 1st Armored Division, despite the objections of the divisional commander, Major-General Orlando Ward. As a result of lessons learned in this battle, the U.S. Army instituted sweeping changes in unit organization and tactics, and replaced some commanders and some types of equipment. #BattleOfKasserinePass #TunisiaCampaign #NorthAfricanCampaign #ErwinRommel #AfrikaKorps #WorldWarII #WWII #WW2 #WorldWarTwo #WorldWar2 #SecondWorldWar
The Allied Invasion Of Sicily, also known as The Battle Of Sicily and Operation Husky, was a major campaign of World War II in which Allied forces invaded the Italian island of Sicily in July 1943 and took it from the Axis forces defended by the Italian 6th Army and the German XIV Panzer Corps. It paved the way for the Allied invasion of mainland Italy and initiated the Italian campaign that ultimately removed Italy from the war. With the conclusion of the North Africa campaign in May 1943, the victorious Allies had for the first time ejected the Axis powers from an entire theatre of war. Now at Italy's doorstep, the Allied powers -- led by the United States and United Kingdom -- decided to attack Axis forces in Europe via Italy, rather than western Europe, due to several converging factors, including wavering Italian morale, control over strategic Mediterranean sea lanes, and the vulnerability of German supply lines along the Italian peninsula. To divert some Axis forces to other areas, the Allies engaged in several deception operations, the most famous and successful of which was Operation Mincemeat. Husky began on the night of July 9-10, 1943 with a large amphibious and airborne operation, followed by a six-week land campaign that ended on August 17. The Allies successfully achieved their primary aims: Axis air, land and naval forces were driven from the island, and the Mediterranean was now open to Allied merchant ships for the first time since 1941. These events led to the ousting of Italian leader Benito Mussolini and the fall of his regime, which was replaced by a new government. Italy's collapse necessitated German troops replacing Italian forces in the country, and to a lesser extent the Balkans, resulting in one-fifth of the entire German army being diverted from the intensive Eastern Front, a proportion that would remain until near the end of the war. #AlliedInvasionOfSicily #OperationHusky #ItalianCampaignOfWWII #MediterraneanAndMiddleEastTheatreOfWWII
The Allied Island-Hopping Campaign Of The Pacific War, also known as Leapfrogging, was an amphibious military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific War against the Empire of Japan during World War II. The key idea was to bypass heavily fortified enemy islands instead of trying to capture every island in sequence en route to a final target. The reasoning was that those heavily fortified islands could simply be cut off from their supply chains (leading to their eventual capitulation) rather than needing to be overwhelmed by superior force, thus speeding up progress and reducing losses of troops and materiel. The strategy did not prove entirely successful, as many Japanese garrisons survived longer than the Allies expected. #AlliedIsland-HoppingCampaign #Island-HoppingCampaign #DouglasMacArthur #PacificWar #AsiaPacificWar #PacificOceanTheatreOfWWII #PacificOceanTheaterOfWWII #SouthWestPacificTheatreOfWWII #SouthWestPacificTheaterOfWWII #AsiaticPacificTheater #WorldWarII #WorldWar2 #WWII #WW2 #WorldWarTwo #WorldWar2 #SecondWorldWar #JapanWWII #USWWII
Douglas MacArthur, American General of the Army for the United States, as well as a Field Marshal to the Philippine Army, Medal of Honor recipient (January 26, 1880 - April 5, 1964) was born a military brat at Little Rock Barracks, on a military base in Little Rock, Arkansas into a distinguished military family. His father, Arthur MacArthur Jr., then a U.S. Army captain, became a lieutenant general of the United States Armyand the military Governor-General of the American-occupied Philippines in 1900; his father's father was Scottish-born jurist and politician Arthur MacArthur Sr. Arthur Jr., who received the Medal of Honor for his actions with the Union Army in the Battle Of Missionary Ridge during the American Civil War, and was likewise promoted to the rank of lieutenant general. His mother, Mary Pinkney Hardy MacArthur (nicknamed "Pinky") came from a prominent Norfolk, Virginia, family. Two of her brothers had fought for the South in the Civil War, and refused to attend her wedding. Of the extended family, MacArthur is also distantly related to Matthew Perry, a Commodore of the U.S. Navy who played a leading role in the opening of Japan to the West with the Convention Of Kanagawa in 1854. Douglas MacArthur was Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s, and he played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during World War II. Macarthur received the Medal of Honor for his service in the Philippines campaign; this made him and his father Arthur MacArthur Jr. the first father and son to be awarded the medal. He was one of only five to rise to the rank of General of the Army in the U.S. Army, and the only one conferred the rank of field marshal in the Philippine Army. Raised in a military family in the American Old West, MacArthur was valedictorian at the West Texas Military Academy where he finished high school, and First Captain at the United States Military Academy at West Point, where he graduated top of the class of 1903. During the 1914 United States occupation of Veracruz, he conducted a reconnaissance mission, for which he was nominated for the Medal of Honor. In 1917, he was promoted from major to colonel and became chief of staff of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division. In the fighting on the Western Front during World War I, he rose to the rank of brigadier general, was again nominated for a Medal of Honor, and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross twice and the Silver Star seven times. From 1919 to 1922, MacArthur served as Superintendent of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, where he attempted a series of reforms. His next assignment was in the Philippines, where in 1924 he was instrumental in quelling the Philippine Scout Mutiny. In 1925, he became the Army's youngest major general. He served on the court-martial of Brigadier General Billy Mitchell and was president of the American Olympic Committee during the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam. In 1930, he became Chief of Staff of the United States Army. As such, he was involved in the expulsion of the Bonus Army protesters from Washington, D.C., in 1932, and the establishment and organization of the Civilian Conservation Corps. He retired from the U.S. Army in 1937 and became Military Advisor to the Commonwealth Government of the Philippines. MacArthur was recalled to active duty in 1941 as commander of United States Army Forces in the Far East. A series of disasters followed, starting with the destruction of his air forces on 8 December 1941 and the Japanese invasion of the Philippines. MacArthur's forces were soon compelled to withdraw to Bataan, where they held out until May 1942. In March 1942, MacArthur, his family and his staff left nearby Corregidor Island in PT boats and escaped to Australia, where MacArthur became Supreme Commander, Southwest Pacific Area. Upon his arrival, MacArthur gave a speech in which he famously promised "I shall return" to the Philippines. After more than two years of fighting, he fulfilled that promise. For his defense of the Philippines, MacArthur was awarded the Medal of Honor. He officially accepted the surrender of Japan on 2 September 1945 aboard the USS Missouri, which was anchored in Tokyo Bay, and he oversaw the occupation of Japan from 1945 to 1951. As the effective ruler of Japan, he oversaw sweeping economic, political and social changes. In 1950, after war broke out in Korea, he became commander of the United Nations forces. He led the United Nations Command in the Korean War with initial success; however, the invasion of North Korea provoked the Chinese, causing a series of major defeats. Disagreements with President Harry Truman over war policy resulted in his contentious dismissal from command by President Harry S. Truman on April 11, 1951. He then appeared before a joint session of Congress and announced his retirement, stating, "Old soldiers never die: they just fade away." He later became chairman of the board of Remington Rand. Douglas MacArthur died of natural causes in Washington D.C. at the age of 84. He is buried at athe MacArthur Memorial in Norfolk, Virginia. #DouglasMacArthur #FiveStarRank #FiveStarGenerals #PacificWar #AsiaPacificWar #PacificOceanTheatreOfWWII #PacificOceanTheaterOfWWII #SouthWestPacificTheatreOfWWII #SouthWestPacificTheaterOfWWII #AsiaticPacificTheater #PhilippinesCampaign #WorldWarII #WWII #WW2 #WorldWarTwo #WorldWar2 #SecondWorldWar #WorldWarI #WorldWarOne #WorldWar1 #WWI #WW1 #FirstWorldWar #FirstEuropeanWar #WarToEndAllWars #TheWarToEndAllWars #TheGreatWar #EuropeanCivilWar #KoreanWar #KoreanConflict #ColdWar #BonusArmy #CivilianConservationCorp #CCC
George Marshall, American general, statesman and politician, 50th United States Secretary Of State, Nobel Prize laureate (December 31, 1880 - October 16, 1959) was born George Catlett Marshall Jr. in Uniontown, Pennsylvania. George Catlett Marshall Jr. was Chief Of Staff of the United States Army under presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, and served as Secretary Of State and Secretary Of Defense under Truman. He was hailed as the "organizer of victory" by Winston Churchill for his leadership of the Allied victory in World War II. Marshall was a 1901 graduate of the Virginia Military Institute. In the years after the Spanish-American War, he served in the United States and overseas in positions of increasing rank and responsibility, including platoon leader and company commander in the Philippines during the Philippine-American War. He was the Honor Graduate of his Infantry-Cavalry School Course in 1907, and graduated first in his 1908 Army Staff College class. After the United States entered World War I, Marshall served as aide-de-camp with General J. Franklin Bell, the commander of the Western Department, while Bell commanded the Department of the East. Subsequently assigned to the staff of the American Expeditionary Forces headquarters, he was a key planner of American operations including the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. After the war, Marshall was assigned as an aide-de-camp to John J. Pershing, who was then serving as the Army's Chief Of Staff. He later served on the Army staff, commanded the 15th Infantry Regiment in China, and was an instructor at the Army War College. In 1927, he became assistant commandant of the Army's Infantry School, where he modernized command and staff processes, which proved to be of major benefit during World War II. In 1932 and 1933 he commanded the 8th Infantry Regiment and Fort Screven, Georgia. Marshall commanded 5th Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division and Vancouver Barracks from 1936 to 1938, and received promotion to brigadier general. During this command, Marshall was also responsible for 35 Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) camps in Oregon and southern Washington. In July 1938, Marshall was assigned to the War Plans Division on the War Department staff, and he was subsequently appointed as the Army's Deputy Chief Of Staff. When Chief Of Staff Malin Craig retired in 1939, Marshall became acting Chief Of Staff, and then Chief Of Staff. He served as Chief Of Staff until the end of the war in 1945. As Chief Of Staff, Marshall organized the largest military expansion in U.S. history, expanding the Army from 130,000 to 8,300,000 men, and received promotion to five-star rank as General of the Army. Marshall coordinated Allied operations in Europe and the Pacific until the end of the war; in addition to being hailed as the organizer of Allied victory by Winston Churchill, Time magazine named Marshall its Man of the Year for 1943. Marshall retired from active service in 1945, but remained on active duty, a requirement for holders of five-star rank. In late 1945 and early 1946 he served as a special envoy to China in an unsuccessful effort to negotiate a coalition government between the Nationalists of Chiang Kai-shek and Communists under Mao Zedong. As Secretary Of State from 1947 to 1949, Marshall received credit for the Marshall Plan for Europe's post-war rebuilding, the success of which was recognized with award of the 1953 Nobel Peace Prize. After resigning as Secretary Of State, Marshall served as chairman of American Battle Monuments Commission and president of the American National Red Cross. As Secretary Of Defense at the start of the Korean War, Marshall worked to restore the military's confidence and morale at the end of its post-World War II demobilization and then its initial buildup for combat in Korea and operations during the Cold War. After resigning as Defense Secretary, Marshall retired to his home in Virginia. George Marshall died after a series of strokes at Walter Reed Hospital in Washington, D.C.. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery. #GeorgeMarshall #GeorgeCMarshall #GeorgeCatlettMarshalJr #WorldWarII #WWII #WWI #WorldWarI #KoreanWar #KoreanConflict #ColdWars #BetweenTheWars #InterwarPeriod #CausesOfWorldWarII #CausesOfWWII #EventsLeadingToWorldWarII #EventsLeadingToWWII #RoadToWorldWarII #RoadToWWII #RoadToWar #CausesOfWorldWarII #CausesOfWWII #EventsLeadingToWorldWarII #EventsLeadingToWWII #ColdWar #MarshallPlan #PacificWar #AsiaPacificWar #AsiaticPacificTheater #VMI #VirginaMilitaryInstitute
Chester W. Nimitz, American admiral (February 24, 1885 - February 20, 1966) was born Chester William Nimitz in Fredericksburg, Texas, a German Texan and son of Anna Josephine (Henke) and Chester Bernhard Nimitz on February 24, 1885, in Fredericksburg, Texas, where his grandfather's hotel is now the Admiral Nimitz State Historic Site (The National Museum of the Pacific War). Chester William Nimitz Sr. was a fleet admiral of the United States Navy. He played a major role in the naval history of World War II as Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet (CinCPac) and Commander in Chief, Pacific Ocean Areas (CinCPOA), commanding Allied air, land, and sea forces during World War II. He signed the Japanese surrender document on September 2, 1945. Nimitz was the leading US Navy authority on submarines. Qualified in submarines during his early years, he later oversaw the conversion of these vessels' propulsion from gasoline to diesel, and then later was key in acquiring approval to build the world's first nuclear-powered submarine, USS Nautilus, whose propulsion system later completely superseded diesel-powered submarines in the US. He also, beginning in 1917, was the Navy's leading developer of underway replenishment techniques, the tool which during the Pacific war would allow the US fleet to operate away from port almost indefinitely. The chief of the Navy's Bureau of Navigation in 1939, Nimitz served as Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) from 1945 until 1947. He was the United States' last surviving officer who served in the rank of fleet admiral. Chester W. Nimitz died some months after he suffered a stroke, complicated by pneumonia, at home in the evening at Quarters One on Yerba Buena Island in San Francisco Bay, four days before his February 24th 81st birthday. His funeral was held on what would have been his 81st birthday at the chapel of adjacent Naval Station Treasure Island. Nimitz was buried with full military honors at Golden Gate National Cemetery in San Bruno. He lies alongside his wife and his long-term friends Admiral Raymond A. Spruance, Admiral Richmond K. Turner, and Admiral Charles A. Lockwood and their wives, an arrangement made by all of them while living. #ChesterANimitz #ChesterWNimitz #Nimitz #PacificWar #AsiaPacificWar #PacificOceanTheatreOfWWII #PacificOceanTheaterOfWWII #SouthWestPacificTheatreOfWWII #SouthWestPacificTheaterOfWWII #AsiaticPacificTheater #Submarines #WorldWarII #WWII #WW2 #WorldWarTwo #WorldWar2 #SecondWorldWar
Erwin Rommel, German General, Field Marshal and military theorist (November 15, 1891 - October 14, 1944) was born Johannes Erwin Eugen Rommel at Heidenheim, in Wurttemberg, Germany. Popularly known as the Desert Fox, he served as field marshal in the Wehrmacht (armed forces) of Nazi Germany during World War II, as well as serving in the Reichswehr of the Weimar Republic, and the army of Imperial Germany. Rommel was a highly decorated officer in World War I and was awarded the Pour le Merite, Germany's highest military award,for his actions on the Italian Front. In 1937 he published his classic book on military tactics, Infantry Attacks, drawing on his experiences in that war. In World War II, he distinguished himself as the commander of the 7th Panzer Division during the 1940 Battle Of France. His early victories and leadership of German and Italian forces in the North African campaign established his reputation as one of the ablest tank commanders of the war, and earned him the nickname der Wustenfuchs, "the Desert Fox". However, in 1943, he was defeated at El Alamein by the British under General Montgomery. Among his British adversaries he had a reputation for chivalry, and his phrase "war without hate" has been used to describe the North African campaign. A number of historians have since rejected the phrase as myth and uncovered numerous examples of war crimes and abuses both towards enemy soldiers and native populations in Africa during the conflict. Other historians note that there is no clear evidence Rommel was involved or aware of these crimes (although Caron and Mullner point out that his military successes allowed these crimes to happen) with some pointing out that the war in the desert, as fought by Rommel and his opponents, still came as close to a clean fight as there was in World War II. He later commanded the German forces opposing the Allied cross-channel invasion of Normandy in June 1944. A number of historians connect Rommel himself with war crimes, although this is not the opinion of the majority. With the Nazis gaining power in Germany, Rommel gradually came to accept the new regime, with historians giving different accounts on the specific period and his motivations. He is generally considered a supporter and close friend of Adolf Hitler, at least until near the end of the war, if not necessarily sympathetic to the party and the paramilitary forces associated with it. His stance towards Nazi ideology and his level of knowledge of the Holocaust remain matters of debate among scholars. In 1944, Rommel was implicated in the failed 20 July plot to assassinate Hitler. Because of Rommel's status as a national hero, Hitler desired to eliminate him quietly instead of immediately executing him, as many other plotters were. Rommel was given a choice between committing suicide, in return for assurances that his reputation would remain intact and that his family would not be persecuted following his death, or facing a trial that would result in his disgrace and execution; he chose the former and on October 14, 1944 committed suicide at age 52 near Ulm, Germany using a cyanide pill. Rommel was given a state funeral, and it was announced that he had succumbed to his injuries from the strafing of his staff car in Normandy. He is buried at the Friedhof Herrlingen in Herrlingen, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany. Rommel has become a larger-than-life figure in both Allied and Nazi propaganda, and in postwar popular culture, with numerous authors considering him an apolitical, brilliant commander and a victim of the Third Reich, although this assessment is contested by other authors as the Rommel myth. Rommel's reputation for conducting a clean war was used in the interest of the West German rearmament and reconciliation between the former enemies - the United Kingdom and the United States on one side and the new Federal Republic of Germany on the other. Several of Rommel's former subordinates, notably his Chief Of Staff Hans Speidel, played key roles in German rearmament and integration into NATO in the postwar era. The German Army's largest military base, the Field Marshal Rommel Barracks, Augustdorf, is named in his honour. #ErwinRommel #Generals #FieldMarshals #MilitaryTheorists #DesertFox #Wustenfuchs #Wuestenfuchs #PourLeMerite #Reichswehr #WeimarRepublic #ImperialGermanArmy #ImperialGermany #Wehrmacht #NaziGermany #ThirdReich #WesternFrontWorldWarI #WesternFrontWWI #EuropeanTheaterOfWWI #EuropeanTheatreOfWWI #WorldWarI #WorldWarOne #WorldWar1 #WWI #WW1 #FirstWorldWar #FirstEuropeanWar #WarToEndAllWars #TheWarToEndAllWars #TheGreatWar #WesternFrontWorldWarII #WesternFrontWWII #EuropeanTheaterOfWWII #EuropeanTheatreOfWWII #WorldWarII #WWII #WW2 #WorldWarTwo #WorldWar2 #SecondWorldWar #SecondEuropeanWar #EuropeanCivilWar #BattleOfElAlamein #SecondBattleOfElAlamein #TunisiaCampaign #WesternDesertCampaign #NorthAfricanCampaign #AfrikaKorp #The20JulyPlot #TheJuly20Plot #July20Plot #OperationValkyrie #AssassinationAttemptsOnAdolfHitler #PlotsToAssassinateHitler #HitlerAssassinationPlots #PlotsToAssassinateAdolfHitler #AdolfHitlerAssassinationPlots #Assassinations #MP4 #VideoDownload #DVD
Bernard Montgomery, English field marshal, nicknamed "Monty" and the "Spartan General" (November 17, 1887 - March 24, 1976) is #born Bernard Law Montgomery in Kennington, Surrey, England. Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery Of Alamein, KG, GCB, DSO, PC, DL, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, fought in both the First World War and the Second World War. He saw action in the First World War as a junior officer of the Royal Warwickshire Regiment. At Meteren, near the Belgian border at Bailleul, he was shot through the right lung by a sniper, during the First Battle Of Ypres. He returned to the Western Front as a general staff officer and took part in the Battle of Arras in April/May 1917. He also took part in the Battle Of Passchendaele in late 1917 before finishing the war as Chief Of Staff of the 47th (2nd London) Division. In the inter-war years he commanded the 17th (Service) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers and, later, the 1st Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Regiment before becoming commander of 9th Infantry Brigade and then General Officer Commanding (GOC) 8th Infantry Division. During the Second World War he commanded the British Eighth Army from August 1942 in the Western Desert until the final Allied victory in Tunisia in May 1943. This command included the Second Battle Of El Alamein, a turning point in the Western Desert Campaign. He subsequently commanded the British Eighth Army during the Allied invasion of Sicily and the Allied invasion of Italy. He was in command of all Allied ground forces during Operation Overlord from the initial landings until after the Battle of Normandy. He then continued in command of the 21st Army Group for the rest of the campaign in North West Europe. As such he was the principal field commander for the failed airborne attempt to bridge the Rhine at Arnhem, and the Allied Rhine crossing. On 4 May 1945 he took the German surrender at Luneburg Heath in Northern Germany. After the war he became Commander-In-Chief of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) in Germany and then Chief of the Imperial General Staff (1946-1948). He then served as Deputy Supreme Commander of NATO in Europe until his retirement in 1958. Montgomery died at his home Isington Mill in Isington, Hampshire, aged 88. After a funeral at St George's Chapel, Windsor, his body was buried in Holy Cross churchyard, in Binsted, Hampshire. #BernardMontgomery #BernardLawMontgomery #FieldMarshalBernardMontgomery #FieldMarshalBernardLawMontgomery #BritishEighthArmy #EighthArmyUK #BattleOfElAlamein #SecondBattleOfElAlamein #Tobruk #SiegeOfTobruk #TunisiaCampaign #WesternDesertCampaign #NorthAfricanCampaign #MediterraneanTheaterOfOperations #NorthAfricanTheaterOfOperations #AlliedInvasionOfSicily #OperationFortitude #BattleOfAlamElHalfa #WorldWarII #OperationOverlord #DDay #OperationMarketGarden #BattleOfArnhem #BattleOfNormandy #OperationNeptune #VictoryInEurope #AlliedAdvanceFromParisToTheRhine #WWII
Dwight D. Eisenhower, GCB, OM, RE, GCS, CCLH, KC, NPk, popularly known as "Ike", American general, politician and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961 (October 14, 1890 - March 28, 1969) was born Dwight David Eisenhower in Denison, Texas. During World War II, he served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force in Europe, and achieved the rare five-star rank of General of the Army. He was responsible for planning and supervising the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in 1942-1943 and the successful invasion of Normandy in 1944-1945 from the Western Front. Eisenhower was raised in Abilene, Kansas, in a large family of mostly Pennsylvania Dutch ancestry. His family had a strong religious background. His mother became a Jehovah's Witness. Eisenhower, however, did not belong to any organized church until 1952. He graduated from West Point in 1915 and later married Mamie Doud, with whom he had two sons. During World War I, he was denied a request to serve in Europe and instead commanded a unit that trained tank crews. Following the war, he served under various generals and was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in 1941. After the United States entered World War II, Eisenhower oversaw the invasions of North Africa and Sicily before supervising the invasions of France and Germany. After the war, he served as Army Chief of Staff (1945-1948), as president of Columbia University (1948-1953) and as the first Supreme Commander of NATO (1951-1952). In 1952, Eisenhower entered the presidential race as a Republican to block the isolationist foreign policies of Senator Robert A. Taft; Taft opposed NATO and wanted no foreign entanglements. Eisenhower won that election and the 1956 election in landslides, both times defeating Adlai Stevenson II. Eisenhower's main goals in office were to contain the spread of communism and reduce federal deficits. In 1953, he threatened to use nuclear weapons until China agreed to peace terms in the Korean War. China did agree and an armistice resulted which remains in effect. His New Look policy of nuclear deterrence prioritized inexpensive nuclear weapons while reducing funding for expensive Army divisions. He continued Harry S. Truman's policy of recognizing Taiwan as the legitimate government of China, and he won congressional approval of the Formosa Resolution. His administration provided major aid to help the French fight off Vietnamese Communists in the First Indochina War. After the French left, he gave strong financial support to the new state of South Vietnam. He supported regime-changing military coups in Iran and Guatemala orchestrated by his own administration. During the Suez Crisis of 1956, he condemned the Israeli, British, and French invasion of Egypt, and he forced them to withdraw. He also condemned the Soviet invasion during the Hungarian Revolution Of 1956 but took no action. After the Soviet Union launched Sputnik in 1957, Eisenhower authorized the establishment of NASA, which led to the Space Race. He deployed 15,000 soldiers during the 1958 Lebanon crisis. Near the end of his term, he failed to set up a summit meeting with the Soviets when a U.S. spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union. He approved the Bay Of Pigs invasion, which was left to John F. Kennedy to carry out. On the domestic front, Eisenhower was a moderate conservative who continued New Deal agencies and expanded Social Security. He covertly opposed Joseph McCarthy and contributed to the end of McCarthyism by openly invoking executive privilege. He signed the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and sent Army troops to enforce federal court orders which integrated schools in Little Rock, Arkansas. His largest program was the Interstate Highway System. He promoted the establishment of strong science education via the National Defense Education Act. His two terms saw unprecedented economic prosperity except for a minor recession in 1958. In his farewell address to the nation, he expressed his concerns about the dangers of massive military spending, particularly deficit spending and government contracts to private military manufacturers, which he dubbed "the military-industrial complex". Historical evaluations of his presidency place him among the upper tier of American presidents. Dwight D. Eisenhower died in the morning in Washington, D.C., of congestive heart failure at Walter Reed Army Medical Center, at age 78. The following day, his body was moved to the Washington National Cathedral's Bethlehem Chapel, where he lay in repose for 28 hours. He was then transported to the United States Capitol, where he lay in state in the Capitol Rotunda on March 30 and 31. A state funeral service was conducted at the Washington National Cathedral on March 31. The president and First Lady, Richard and Pat Nixon, attended, as did former president Lyndon Johnson. Also among the 2,000 invited guests were U.N. Secretary General U Thant and 191 foreign delegates from 78 countries, including 10 foreign heads of state and government. Notable guests included President Charles de Gaulle of France, who was in the United States for the first time since the state funeral of John F. Kennedy, Chancellor Kurt-Georg Kiesinger of West Germany, King Baudouin of Belgium and Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi of Iran. The service included the singing of Faure's The Palms, and the playing of the hymn Onward, Christian Soldiers. That evening, Eisenhower's body was placed onto a special funeral train for its journey from the nation's capital through seven states to his hometown of Abilene, Kansas. First incorporated into President Abraham Lincoln's funeral in 1865, a funeral train would not be part of a U.S. state funeral again until 2018. Eisenhower is buried inside The Place Of Meditation, the chapel on the grounds of the Eisenhower Presidential Center in Abilene. As requested, he was buried in a Government Issue casket, wearing his World War II uniform, decorated with Army Distinguished Service Medal with three oak leaf clusters, Navy Distinguished Service Medal, and the Legion of Merit. Buried alongside Eisenhower are his son Doud, who died at age 3 in 1921, and wife Mamie, who died in 1979. President Richard Nixon eulogized Eisenhower in 1969, saying: "Some men are considered great because they lead great armies or they lead powerful nations. For eight years now, Dwight Eisenhower has neither commanded an army nor led a nation; and yet he remained through his final days the world's most admired and respected man, truly the first citizen of the world." #DwightDEisenhower #DwightEisenhower #Eisenhower #Ike #PresidentsOfTheUS #POTUS #POTUSHistory #AmericanPresidents #FiveStarRank #FiveStarGeneral #AmericanHistory #WesternFrontWorldWarII #WesternFrontWWII #SCAFE #SHAEF #SCAFE #WorldWarII #WWII #WW2 #WorldWarTwo #WorldWar2 #SecondWorldWar #ColdWar #ColdWarriors #Eisenhower #AmericanHistory #HistoryOfTheUS #WesternCulture #WesternCivilization #OccidentalCulture #WesternWorld #WesternSociety #WesternTradition #StoryOfCivilization
George S. Patton, general in the United States Army who commanded the Seventh United States Army in the Mediterranean theater of World War II, and the Third United States Army in France and Germany after the Allied invasion of Normandy in June 1944 (November 11, 1885 - December 21, 1945) was born George Smith Patton Jr. in San Gabriel, California to a family with an extensive military background (with members having served in both the United States Army and Confederate States Army), Patton attended the Virginia Military Institute and the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. He studied fencing and designed the M1913 Cavalry Saber, more commonly known as the "Patton Sword", and partially due to his skill in the sport, he competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden. Patton first saw combat during the Pancho Villa Expedition in 1916, taking part in America's first military action using motor vehicles. He later joined the newly formed United States Tank Corps of the American Expeditionary Forces and saw action in World War I, commanding the U.S. tank school in France before being wounded while leading tanks into combat near the end of the war. In the interwar period, Patton remained a central figure in the development of armored warfare doctrine in the U.S. Army, serving in numerous staff positions throughout the country. Rising through the ranks, he commanded the 2nd Armored Division at the time of the American entry into World War II. Patton led U.S. troops into the Mediterranean theater with an invasion of Casablanca during Operation Torch in 1942, where he later established himself as an effective commander through his rapid rehabilitation of the demoralized U.S. II Corps. He commanded the U.S. Seventh Army during the Allied invasion of Sicily, where he was the first Allied commander to reach Messina. There he was embroiled in controversy after he slapped two shell-shocked soldiers under his command, and was temporarily removed from battlefield command for other duties such as participating in Operation Fortitude's disinformation campaign for Operation Overlord. Patton returned to command the Third Army following the invasion of Normandy in June 1944, where he led a highly successful rapid armored drive across France. He led the relief of beleaguered American troops at Bastogne during the Battle Of The Bulge, and advanced his Third Army into Nazi Germany by the end of the war. After the war, Patton became the military governor of Bavaria, but he was relieved of this post because of his statements trivializing denazification. He commanded the United States Fifteenth Army for slightly more than two months. Patton died in Germany following a car accident. He had been injured on December 9 near Mannheim and was taken to a hospital in Heidelberg, where he died. He is buried in The Luxembourg American Cemetery And Memorial, a Second World War American military war grave cemetery located in Hamm, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg. Patton's colorful image, hard-driving personality and success as a commander were at times overshadowed by his controversial public statements. His philosophy of leading from the front and his ability to inspire troops with vulgarity-ridden speeches, such as a famous address to the Third Army, attracted favorable attention. His strong emphasis on rapid and aggressive offensive action proved effective. While Allied leaders held sharply differing opinions on Patton, he was regarded highly by his opponents in the German High Command. A popular, award-winning biographical film released in 1970 helped transform Patton into an American hero. #Patton #GeorgeSPatton #US3rdArmy #ThirdUnitedStatesArmy #OldBloodAndGuts #WorldWarI #WorldWarOne #WorldWar1 #WWI #WW1 #FirstWorldWar #FirstEuropeanWar #WarToEndAllWars #TheWarToEndAllWars #TheGreatWar #EuropeanCivilWar #WorldWarII #WWII #PanchoVillaExpedition #SeventhUnitedStatesArmy #MediterraneanTheaterOfOperations #NorthAfricanTheaterOfOperations #MediterraneanAndMiddleEastTheatreOfWorldWarII #VirginiaMilitaryInstitute #VMI #TankCorpsOfTheAmericanExpeditionaryForces #AmericanExpeditionaryForces #ArmouredWarfare #MechanisedWarfare #TankWarfare #UnitedStates2ndArmoredDivision #EuropeanTheatreOfWorldWarII #SecondEuropeanWar #OperationTorch #UnitedStatesIICorps #AlliedInvasionOfSicily #OperationFortitude #AlliedAdvanceFromParisToTheRhine #SiegeOfBastogne #BattleOfTheBulge #FifteenthUnitedStatesArmy #Denazification #GeorgeSPattonsSpeechToTheThirdArmy
Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr., United States Army General and engineer, who while serving as Commander-In-Chief, United States Central Command, led all coalition forces in the Gulf War (August 22, 1934 - December 27, 2012) was born Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf Jr. in Trenton, New Jersey. His father, Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf Sr., was a 1917 graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point and a veteran of World War I. His mother was a housewife from West Virginia who was distantly related to Thomas Jefferson. The senior Schwarzkopf later became the Superintendent of the New Jersey State Police, where he worked as a lead investigator on the 1932 Lindbergh baby kidnapping case. In January 1952, the younger Schwarzkopf's birth certificate was amended to make his name "H. Norman Schwarzkopf", reportedly because his father detested his first name. Born in Trenton, New Jersey, Schwarzkopf Jr. grew up in the United States and later in Iran. He was accepted by the U.S. Military Academy at West Point and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the United States Army in 1956. After a number of initial training programs, Schwarzkopf interrupted a stint as an academy teacher, and served in the Vietnam War first as an adviser to the South Vietnamese Army and later as a battalion commander. Schwarzkopf was highly decorated in Vietnam, being awarded three Silver Star Medals, two Purple Hearts, and the Legion of Merit. Rising through the ranks after the conflict, he later commanded the U.S. 24th Infantry Division and was one of the commanders of the Invasion of Grenada in 1983. Assuming command of United States Central Command in 1988, Schwarzkopf was called on to respond to the Invasion Of Kuwait in 1990 by the forces of Iraq under Saddam Hussein. Initially tasked with defending Saudi Arabia from Iraqi aggression, Schwarzkopf's command eventually grew to an international force of over 750,000 troops. After diplomatic relations broke down, he planned and led Operation Desert Storm-an extended air campaign followed by a highly successful 100-hour ground offensive-which defeated the Iraqi Army and liberated Kuwait in early 1991. Schwarzkopf was presented with military honors. Schwarzkopf retired shortly after the end of the war and undertook a number of philanthropic ventures, only occasionally stepping into the political spotlight before his death from complications of pneumonia in late 2012. A hard-driving military commander with a strong temper, Schwarzkopf was considered an exceptional leader by many biographers and was noted for his abilities as a military diplomat and in dealing with the press. Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr. died of complications following a bout of pneumonia at the age of 78. A memorial service was conducted on February 28, 2013, at the Cadet Chapel at West Point, which was attended by Colin Powell, Schwarzkopf's family, and others. Schwarzkopf was cremated and his ashes were buried near those of his father in the West Point Cemetery in a ceremony attended by cadets, military leaders, New York and New Jersey State Police Troopers. Among reactions to Schwarzkopf's death, George H. W. Bush said of him: "General Norm Schwarzkopf, to me, epitomized the 'duty, service, country' creed that has defended our freedom and seen this great Nation through our most trying international crises. More than that, he was a good and decent man and a dear friend." In a statement, President Barack Obama said "From his decorated service in Vietnam to the historic liberation of Kuwait and his leadership of United States Central Command, General Schwarzkopf stood tall for the country and Army he loved." In a letter, Secretary of the Army John McHugh and Army Chief Of Staff General Raymond T. Odierno wrote in a joint statement, "Our nation owes a great debt of gratitude to General Schwarzkopf and our Soldiers will hold a special place in their hearts for this great leader. While much will be written in coming days of his many accomplishments, his most lasting and important legacies are the tremendous soldiers he trained and led." #NormanSchwarzkopf #NormanSchwarzkopfJr #StorminNorman #TheBear #WestPoint #USMilitaryAcademy #USMA #VietnamWar #SecondIndochinaWar #ResistanceWarAgainstAmerica #SilverStarMedals #SilverStars #PurpleHearts #LegionOfMerit #InvasionOfKuwait #Kuwait #Iraq #SaddamHussein #OperationDesertShield #OperationDesertStorm #GulfWar #GulfWarI #PersianGulfWar #FirstGulfWar
Charles Kuralt, American television, newspaper and radio journalist and author, most widely known for his long career with CBS, first for his "On the Road" segments on The CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite, and later as the first anchor of CBS News Sunday Morning, a position he held for fifteen years (September 10, 1934 - July 4, 1997) was born Charles Bishop Kuralt in Wilmington, North Carolina. Kuralt's On the Road segments were recognized twice with personal Peabody Awards. The first, awarded in 1968, cited those segments as heartwarming and "nostalgic vignettes." In 1975, his award was for his work as a U.S. "bicentennial historian"; his work "capture[d] the individuality of the people, the dynamic growth inherent in the area, and...the rich heritage of this great nation." Kuralt also won an Emmy Award for On the Road in 1978. He shared in a third Peabody awarded to CBS News Sunday Morning in 1979. In 1996, Kuralt was inducted into Television Hall of Fame of the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. Charles Kuralt died of heart failure at the age of 62 at New York-Presbyterian Hospital. By request in his will, Kuralt was buried on the UNC grounds in Old Chapel Hill Cemetery. After Kuralt's death, questions about his estate led to a decades-long companionship with a Montana woman named Patricia Shannon becoming public. Kuralt had a second, "shadow" family with Shannon of which his wife was unaware. Shannon asserted that the house in Montana had been willed to her, a position upheld by the Montana Supreme Court. According to court testimony, Kuralt met Shannon while doing a story on Pat Baker Park in Reno, Nevada, which Shannon had promoted and volunteered to build in 1968. The park was in a low-income area of Reno that had no parks until Shannon promoted her plan. Kuralt mentions Pat Shannon Baker and the building of the park, but not the nature of their relationship, in a book he published in 1990 chronicling his early life and journalistic career. #CharlesKuralt #Journalists #TelevisionJournalists #NewspaperJournalists #FadioJournalists #BroadcastJournalists #Authors #CBSNews #CBSEveningNews #CBSNewsSundayMorning