Black Stars In Orbit: The Black Astronauts Of NASA MP4 Download Or DVD
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A Special African American Heritage Month Celebration Broadcast 10 PM Monday, February 8, 1993 In Honor Of That Saturday's Passing Of Trailblazing Tennis Star Arthur Ashe, With The Fellow Trailblazer "Queen of R & B" Ruth Brown Introducing Black Stars In Orbit, A Compelling History Of African Americans In NASA'S Manned Space Program, Presented In The Highest DVD Quality MPG Video Format Of 9.1 MBPS As An MP4 Video Download Or Archival Quality All Regions Format DVD! (Color, 1990, 1 Hour 1 Minute.) #EdDwight #RobertHenryLawrenceJr #BarbaraCressLawrence #VanceHMarchebanksJr #RobertEShurney #KennedySpaceCenter #GeorgeRCarruthers #NichelleNichols #StarTrek #LtUhura #MartinLutherKing #BlackInclusion #MaeJemison #IreneDuhartLong #FrederickDGregory #GuyBluford #RonMcNair #CarlMcNair #FrankBolden #PatriciaSCowings #LeeAArcher #IsaacTGilliamIV #AfricanAmericanHistory #AfricanAmericanHeritage #BlackHeritage #BlackPeople #TuskegeeAirmen #Avation #AviationHistory #HistoryOfAviation #HistoryOfMilitaryAviation #SpaceShuttle #SpaceShuttleProgram #Spaceflight #NASA #NASAHistory #MannedSpacePrograms #HumanSpaceflight #HumanSpaceflightPrograms #TuskegeeAirmen #RuthBrown #ArthurAshe #MP4 #VideoDownload #DVD
A Moving Factual Tribute To The Black Men And Women Of America's Space Program, Including:
Air Force Captain Flight Instructor, Noted Sculptor And Superior Human Being Ed Dwight (Edward Joseph Dwight, Jr.), Who John F. Kennedy Selected To Be The First Black Astronaut But Who Was Met With Such Prejudice At The Edwards Air Force Base Test Pilot School That He Was Reassigned Out Of The Astronaut Training Program The Monday Immediately Followng JFK's Friday November 22, 1963 Assassination (He Ultimately Became The Oldest Man To Fly Into Space At 90 Years 8 Months And 10 Days On May 19, 2024 Aboard The Blue Origin NS-25 Mission's New Shepard Launch Vehicle);
Air Force Major Robert Henry Lawrence Jr., The First African American To Successfully Become An Astronaut But Who Tragically Died While Instructing A Trainee At Edwards AFB Aboard An F-104 Starfighter;
Major Robert Henry Lawrence Jr.'s Widow, Barbara Cress Lawrence;
Tuskegee Airman And NASA Medical Officer Colonel Dr. Vance H. Marchebanks, Jr., Chief Medical Officer On John H. Glenn's February 20, 1962 Friendship 7 Mercury Program Space Flight As Well As Chief Medical And Safety Test Officer For The Apollo Program's Moon Suits;
Dr. Robert E. Shurney, Director Of The Kennedy Space Center's Programs For Tool Useage In Space, A Microgravity Furnance, And The Design Of The Lunar Rover's Aluminum Tires;
Dr. George R. Carruthers, Naval Research Laboratory Senior Astrophysicist, National Inventors Hall of Fame Inductee, National Medal For Technology And Invention Recipient And Inventor Of The NASA Far Ultraviolet Camera/Spectrograph (UVC) Used By The Apollo 16 Astronauts On The Moon To Obtain Astronomical Images And Spectra In The Far Ultraviolet Region Of The Electromagnetic Spectrum;
Black Astronaut Advocate Nichelle Nichols, Greatly Successful NASA Space Shuttle Program Recruitment Officer For Women And Black Astronauts, Star Of Star Trek: The Original Series (TOS) As Lieutenant Uhura Of The USS Enterprise (NCC-1701), Who Was Determined To Leave The Show Until Dr. Martin Luther King Convinced Her To Remain As A Symbol, To Both Black And White America, Of Black Inclusion;
Mae Jemison (Mae Carol Jemison), Engineer, Physician, And First African American Woman In Space, Who As A Child Was Inspired To Become An Astronaut In NASA's Space Program Because Of Nichelle Nichol's Role As Lt. Uhuru On Star Trek,
Dr. Irene Duhart Long, Chief Of NASA's Medical And Environmental Health Office, NASA's First Black As Well As First Female Chief Medical Officer, Who Went With Her Friend Mae Jemison To Meet Nichelle Nichols At An Orlando Star Trek Convention;
Colonel Frederick D. Gregory (Frederick Drew Gregory), former USAF Test Pilot, Engineer, NASA Deputy Administrator And NASA Acting Administrator, NASA Space Shuttle Astronaut Who Was Pilot Of The STS-51-B Mission And Commander Of The STS-33 And STS-44 Missions, Who Joined The Space Program Because Of Nichele Nichol's Efforts;
Guy Bluford (Guion Stewart Bluford Jr.), USAF Colonel, Aerospace Engineer And Fighter Pilot, First African American To Go Into Space, Mission Apecialist On The STS-8, STS-61-A, STS-39, And STS-53 Space Shuttle Missions, Who Also Joined The Space Program Because Of Nichele Nichol's Efforts;
Dr. Ron McNair (Ronald Erwin McNair), Second African American In Space, NASA Physicist And Mission Specialist On The STS-41-B Space Shuttle Mission And On Mission STS-51-L And Died During Its Launch Aboard Space Shuttle Challenger, Tenor Saxophonist Who Before That Mission Worked With French Composer/Performer Jean-Michel Jarre On A Musical Piece "Rendez-Vous" That Was Intended, With McNair Playing A Curved Soprano Sax, To Be The First Original Piece Of Music Recorded In Space, A Man Who Likewise Joined The Space Program Because Of Nichele Nichol's Efforts;
Carl McNair, Father Of Dr. Ron McNair;
USMC Colonel Charles Frank Bolden (Charlie Bolden), Administrator Of NASA, United States Marine Corps Major General, And Space Shuttle Astronaut Who Served As Pilot On The STS-61-C And STS-31 Missions And Commander Of The STS-45 And STS-60 Missions, Yet Another Black Astronaut Who Joined The Space Program Because Of Nichele Nichol's Efforts;
And Dr. Patricia S. Cowings, African American NASA Research Psychologist, Aerospace Psychophysiologist Who Was The First American Woman Trained As A NASA Scientist Astronaut, Alternate Astronaut For Space Flight Who Did Not Get The Chance To Travel To Space;
With Commentary By Tuskegee Airman Lee A. Archer And NASA Assistant Administrator Isaac T. Gilliam IV!
African-American Astronauts are Americans of African descent who have been part of an astronaut program, regardless of whether they have traveled into space.
An Astronaut (from the Ancient Greek Astron, meaning 'star', Nautes, meaning 'sailor') is a person trained, equipped, and deployed by a human spaceflight program to serve as a commander or crew member of a spacecraft. Although generally reserved for professional space travelers, the term is sometimes applied to anyone who travels into space, including scientists, politicians, journalists, and space tourists. "Astronaut" technically applies to all human space travelers regardless of nationality. However, astronauts fielded by Russia or the Soviet Union are typically known instead as Cosmonauts (from the Russian "kosmos", also borrowed from Greek. Comparatively recent developments in crewed spaceflight made by China have led to the rise of the term Taikonaut (from the Mandarin "taikong", meaning "space"), although its use is somewhat informal and its origin is unclear. In China, the People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps astronauts and their foreign counterparts are all officially called Hangtianyuan, meaning "celestial navigator" or literally "heaven-sailing staff". Since 1961 and as of 2021, 600 astronauts have flown in space. Until 2002, astronauts were sponsored and trained exclusively by governments, either by the military or by civilian space agencies. With the suborbital flight of the privately funded SpaceShipOne in 2004, a new category of astronaut was created: the commercial astronaut.
The Space Shuttle was a partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated from 1981 to 2011 by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the Space Shuttle program. Its official program name was Space Transportation System (STS), taken from a 1969 plan for a system of reusable spacecraft where it was the only item funded for development. The first of four orbital test flights occurred in 1981, leading to operational flights beginning in 1982. Five complete Space Shuttle orbiter vehicles were built and flown on a total of 135 missions from 1981 to 2011, launched from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida. Operational missions launched numerous satellites, interplanetary probes, and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), conducted science experiments in orbit, participated in the Shuttle-Mir program with Russia, and participated in construction and servicing of the International Space Station (ISS). The Space Shuttle fleet's total mission time was 1,322 days, 19 hours, 21 minutes and 23 seconds. Space Shuttle components include the Orbiter Vehicle (OV) with three clustered Rocketdyne RS-25 main engines, a pair of recoverable solid rocket boosters (SRBs), and the expendable external tank (ET) containing liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. The Space Shuttle was launched vertically, like a conventional rocket, with the two SRBs operating in parallel with the orbiter's three main engines, which were fueled from the ET. The SRBs were jettisoned before the vehicle reached orbit, and the ET was jettisoned just before orbit insertion, which used the orbiter's two Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) engines. At the conclusion of the mission, the orbiter fired its OMS to deorbit and reenter the atmosphere. The orbiter was protected during reentry by its thermal protection system tiles, and it glided as a spaceplane to a runway landing, usually to the Shuttle Landing Facility at KSC, Florida, or to Rogers Dry Lake in Edwards Air Force Base, California. If the landing occurred at Edwards, the orbiter was flown back to the KSC on the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, a specially modified Boeing 747. The first orbiter, Enterprise, was built in 1976 and used in Approach and Landing Tests, but had no orbital capability. Four fully operational orbiters were initially built: Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, and Atlantis. Of these, two were lost in mission accidents: Challenger in 1986 and Columbia in 2003, with a total of 14 astronauts killed. A fifth operational (and sixth in total) orbiter, Endeavour, was built in 1991 to replace Challenger. The Space Shuttle was retired from service upon the conclusion of Atlantis's final flight on July 21, 2011. The U.S. relied on the Russian Soyuz spacecraft to transport astronauts to the ISS from the last Shuttle flight until the launch of the Crew Dragon Demo-2 mission in May 2020 on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket as part of the Commercial Crew Program.
A Special African American Heritage Month Celebration Broadcast 10 PM Monday, February 8, 1993 In Honor Of That Saturday's Passing Of Trailblazing Tennis Star Arthur Ashe, With The Fellow Trailblazer "Queen of R & B" Ruth Brown Introducing Black Stars In Orbit, A Compelling History Of African Americans In NASA'S Manned Space Program, Presented In The Highest DVD Quality MPG Video Format Of 9.1 MBPS As An MP4 Video Download Or Archival Quality All Regions Format DVD! (Color, 1990, 1 Hour 1 Minute.) #EdDwight #RobertHenryLawrenceJr #BarbaraCressLawrence #VanceHMarchebanksJr #RobertEShurney #KennedySpaceCenter #GeorgeRCarruthers #NichelleNichols #StarTrek #LtUhura #MartinLutherKing #BlackInclusion #MaeJemison #IreneDuhartLong #FrederickDGregory #GuyBluford #RonMcNair #CarlMcNair #FrankBolden #PatriciaSCowings #LeeAArcher #IsaacTGilliamIV #AfricanAmericanHistory #AfricanAmericanHeritage #BlackHeritage #BlackPeople #TuskegeeAirmen #Avation #AviationHistory #HistoryOfAviation #HistoryOfMilitaryAviation #SpaceShuttle #SpaceShuttleProgram #Spaceflight #NASA #NASAHistory #MannedSpacePrograms #HumanSpaceflight #HumanSpaceflightPrograms #TuskegeeAirmen #RuthBrown #ArthurAshe #MP4 #VideoDownload #DVD
A Moving Factual Tribute To The Black Men And Women Of America's Space Program, Including:
Air Force Captain Flight Instructor, Noted Sculptor And Superior Human Being Ed Dwight (Edward Joseph Dwight, Jr.), Who John F. Kennedy Selected To Be The First Black Astronaut But Who Was Met With Such Prejudice At The Edwards Air Force Base Test Pilot School That He Was Reassigned Out Of The Astronaut Training Program The Monday Immediately Followng JFK's Friday November 22, 1963 Assassination (He Ultimately Became The Oldest Man To Fly Into Space At 90 Years 8 Months And 10 Days On May 19, 2024 Aboard The Blue Origin NS-25 Mission's New Shepard Launch Vehicle);
Air Force Major Robert Henry Lawrence Jr., The First African American To Successfully Become An Astronaut But Who Tragically Died While Instructing A Trainee At Edwards AFB Aboard An F-104 Starfighter;
Major Robert Henry Lawrence Jr.'s Widow, Barbara Cress Lawrence;
Tuskegee Airman And NASA Medical Officer Colonel Dr. Vance H. Marchebanks, Jr., Chief Medical Officer On John H. Glenn's February 20, 1962 Friendship 7 Mercury Program Space Flight As Well As Chief Medical And Safety Test Officer For The Apollo Program's Moon Suits;
Dr. Robert E. Shurney, Director Of The Kennedy Space Center's Programs For Tool Useage In Space, A Microgravity Furnance, And The Design Of The Lunar Rover's Aluminum Tires;
Dr. George R. Carruthers, Naval Research Laboratory Senior Astrophysicist, National Inventors Hall of Fame Inductee, National Medal For Technology And Invention Recipient And Inventor Of The NASA Far Ultraviolet Camera/Spectrograph (UVC) Used By The Apollo 16 Astronauts On The Moon To Obtain Astronomical Images And Spectra In The Far Ultraviolet Region Of The Electromagnetic Spectrum;
Black Astronaut Advocate Nichelle Nichols, Greatly Successful NASA Space Shuttle Program Recruitment Officer For Women And Black Astronauts, Star Of Star Trek: The Original Series (TOS) As Lieutenant Uhura Of The USS Enterprise (NCC-1701), Who Was Determined To Leave The Show Until Dr. Martin Luther King Convinced Her To Remain As A Symbol, To Both Black And White America, Of Black Inclusion;
Mae Jemison (Mae Carol Jemison), Engineer, Physician, And First African American Woman In Space, Who As A Child Was Inspired To Become An Astronaut In NASA's Space Program Because Of Nichelle Nichol's Role As Lt. Uhuru On Star Trek,
Dr. Irene Duhart Long, Chief Of NASA's Medical And Environmental Health Office, NASA's First Black As Well As First Female Chief Medical Officer, Who Went With Her Friend Mae Jemison To Meet Nichelle Nichols At An Orlando Star Trek Convention;
Colonel Frederick D. Gregory (Frederick Drew Gregory), former USAF Test Pilot, Engineer, NASA Deputy Administrator And NASA Acting Administrator, NASA Space Shuttle Astronaut Who Was Pilot Of The STS-51-B Mission And Commander Of The STS-33 And STS-44 Missions, Who Joined The Space Program Because Of Nichele Nichol's Efforts;
Guy Bluford (Guion Stewart Bluford Jr.), USAF Colonel, Aerospace Engineer And Fighter Pilot, First African American To Go Into Space, Mission Apecialist On The STS-8, STS-61-A, STS-39, And STS-53 Space Shuttle Missions, Who Also Joined The Space Program Because Of Nichele Nichol's Efforts;
Dr. Ron McNair (Ronald Erwin McNair), Second African American In Space, NASA Physicist And Mission Specialist On The STS-41-B Space Shuttle Mission And On Mission STS-51-L And Died During Its Launch Aboard Space Shuttle Challenger, Tenor Saxophonist Who Before That Mission Worked With French Composer/Performer Jean-Michel Jarre On A Musical Piece "Rendez-Vous" That Was Intended, With McNair Playing A Curved Soprano Sax, To Be The First Original Piece Of Music Recorded In Space, A Man Who Likewise Joined The Space Program Because Of Nichele Nichol's Efforts;
Carl McNair, Father Of Dr. Ron McNair;
USMC Colonel Charles Frank Bolden (Charlie Bolden), Administrator Of NASA, United States Marine Corps Major General, And Space Shuttle Astronaut Who Served As Pilot On The STS-61-C And STS-31 Missions And Commander Of The STS-45 And STS-60 Missions, Yet Another Black Astronaut Who Joined The Space Program Because Of Nichele Nichol's Efforts;
And Dr. Patricia S. Cowings, African American NASA Research Psychologist, Aerospace Psychophysiologist Who Was The First American Woman Trained As A NASA Scientist Astronaut, Alternate Astronaut For Space Flight Who Did Not Get The Chance To Travel To Space;
With Commentary By Tuskegee Airman Lee A. Archer And NASA Assistant Administrator Isaac T. Gilliam IV!
African-American Astronauts are Americans of African descent who have been part of an astronaut program, regardless of whether they have traveled into space.
An Astronaut (from the Ancient Greek Astron, meaning 'star', Nautes, meaning 'sailor') is a person trained, equipped, and deployed by a human spaceflight program to serve as a commander or crew member of a spacecraft. Although generally reserved for professional space travelers, the term is sometimes applied to anyone who travels into space, including scientists, politicians, journalists, and space tourists. "Astronaut" technically applies to all human space travelers regardless of nationality. However, astronauts fielded by Russia or the Soviet Union are typically known instead as Cosmonauts (from the Russian "kosmos", also borrowed from Greek. Comparatively recent developments in crewed spaceflight made by China have led to the rise of the term Taikonaut (from the Mandarin "taikong", meaning "space"), although its use is somewhat informal and its origin is unclear. In China, the People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps astronauts and their foreign counterparts are all officially called Hangtianyuan, meaning "celestial navigator" or literally "heaven-sailing staff". Since 1961 and as of 2021, 600 astronauts have flown in space. Until 2002, astronauts were sponsored and trained exclusively by governments, either by the military or by civilian space agencies. With the suborbital flight of the privately funded SpaceShipOne in 2004, a new category of astronaut was created: the commercial astronaut.
The Space Shuttle was a partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated from 1981 to 2011 by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the Space Shuttle program. Its official program name was Space Transportation System (STS), taken from a 1969 plan for a system of reusable spacecraft where it was the only item funded for development. The first of four orbital test flights occurred in 1981, leading to operational flights beginning in 1982. Five complete Space Shuttle orbiter vehicles were built and flown on a total of 135 missions from 1981 to 2011, launched from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida. Operational missions launched numerous satellites, interplanetary probes, and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), conducted science experiments in orbit, participated in the Shuttle-Mir program with Russia, and participated in construction and servicing of the International Space Station (ISS). The Space Shuttle fleet's total mission time was 1,322 days, 19 hours, 21 minutes and 23 seconds. Space Shuttle components include the Orbiter Vehicle (OV) with three clustered Rocketdyne RS-25 main engines, a pair of recoverable solid rocket boosters (SRBs), and the expendable external tank (ET) containing liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. The Space Shuttle was launched vertically, like a conventional rocket, with the two SRBs operating in parallel with the orbiter's three main engines, which were fueled from the ET. The SRBs were jettisoned before the vehicle reached orbit, and the ET was jettisoned just before orbit insertion, which used the orbiter's two Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) engines. At the conclusion of the mission, the orbiter fired its OMS to deorbit and reenter the atmosphere. The orbiter was protected during reentry by its thermal protection system tiles, and it glided as a spaceplane to a runway landing, usually to the Shuttle Landing Facility at KSC, Florida, or to Rogers Dry Lake in Edwards Air Force Base, California. If the landing occurred at Edwards, the orbiter was flown back to the KSC on the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, a specially modified Boeing 747. The first orbiter, Enterprise, was built in 1976 and used in Approach and Landing Tests, but had no orbital capability. Four fully operational orbiters were initially built: Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, and Atlantis. Of these, two were lost in mission accidents: Challenger in 1986 and Columbia in 2003, with a total of 14 astronauts killed. A fifth operational (and sixth in total) orbiter, Endeavour, was built in 1991 to replace Challenger. The Space Shuttle was retired from service upon the conclusion of Atlantis's final flight on July 21, 2011. The U.S. relied on the Russian Soyuz spacecraft to transport astronauts to the ISS from the last Shuttle flight until the launch of the Crew Dragon Demo-2 mission in May 2020 on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket as part of the Commercial Crew Program.