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The History Of The Suffragette And The Battle For Women's Rights During The Twentieth Century As Seen Through The Lens Of Five Video Features And Two Radio Documentaries: 1) PERSPECTIVE ON GREATNESS: THE FEMALE REBELLION (Black/White, 1963, 50 Min.), Narrated By The Distinguished Actress And Women's Advocate, Joan Fontaine; 2) AMERICA: THE SECOND CENTURY: Women In America (Color, 1980, 29 Min.), An Episode Of The Landmark TV Documentary Series Hosted By Bill Shaw That Explores The Second 100 Years Of The History Of The United States; 3) WOMEN ON THE MARCH (Black/White, 1958, 52 Min.), A National Film Board Of Canada Production Written And Narrated By The Eminent Television Journalist Pierre Berton; 4) PATHE NEWSREELS: WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE: FAMOUS WOMEN (Black/White, 1947, Silent, 5 Minutes), A Collage Of Newsreels Devoted To Suffragettes And Leading Women Of Their Day, 5) CAVALCADE OF AMERICA: WOMEN'S EMANCIPATION, The History Of The Women's Movement Up Until That Time (November 13, 1935, 30 Minutes); 6) YOU ARE THERE: BROADWAY TABERNACLE, NEW YORK CITY: SEPTEMBER 7, 1853: THE WOMEN'S RIGHTS CONVENTION (Audio Only, June 11, 1950, 30 Minutes), Hypothetical News Coverage Of The Second And Last Day Of The Women's Rights Convention, The First Organized Attempt To Secure Equal Rights And The Vote To American Women, Presented In A Classic Episode Of The CBS News Historical Drama Radio Series, This One Featuring The Future President Of CBS News Bill Leonard; And 7) A FIRING LINE SPECIAL: RESOLVED: WOMEN IN THE MILITARY SHOULD BE EXCLUDED FROM COMBAT (Color, 1993, 1 Hour 57 Minutes): A Debate At Georgetown University In Washington, D.C., Moderated By Michael Kinsley (Political Journalist And Commentator, Best Known For His Appearances On The Firing Line And Crossfire Public Affairs Television Shows) -- For The Resolution: William F. Buckley, Jr., Conservative Writer, Public Intellectual, Political Commentator And Novelist, Founder Of National Review Magazine, Host Of 1,429 Episodes Of The Public Affairs Television Show Firing Line (1966–1999), The Longest-Running Public Affairs Show With A Single Host In American Television History, Known For His Distinctive Transatlantic Accent And Wide Vocabulary), John W. Ripley (United States Marine Corps Colonel, Celebrated Navy Cross Recipient For His Combat Actions During The Assault On The Dong Ha Bridge On Easter Morning 1972 During The Vietnam War's First Battle Of Quang Tri), Elaine Donnely ("Conservative" Activist And Anti-Feminist Principally Concerned With Preserving The Traditional Culture Of The U.S. Military; Contributing Editor At Human Events Magazine, Conservative Political News And Analysis Website; Founder Of The Center For Military Readiness, Which Opposes The Service Of Gay And Transgender People And Favors Limiting The Positions Open To Women In The Military, Defined As A Right-Wing Organization By The Southern Poverty Law Center And Other Sources), And David Horowitz (Former Far-Left Activist Turned Far-Right And Islamophobic Activist, Founder And President Of The Right-Wing David Horowitz Freedom Center (DHFC); Cofounder Of Students For Academic Freedom, A Counter-Jihad Movement Designated As A Hate Group By The Southern Poverty Law Center; Eventual Editor Of The DHFC's Website Frontpage Magazine And Director Of Discover The Networks, A Website That Tracks Individuals And Groups On The Political Left) -- Against The Resolution: Pat Schroeder (U.S. House Representative Form Colorado's 1st District (1973-1997), The First Woman To Serve On The House Armed Services Committee), Wilma Vaught (U.S. Air Force Brigadier General, (Years Of Service 1957-1985), The First Woman To Deploy With An Air Force Bomber Unit, The First Woman To Reach The Rank Of Brigadier General From The Comptroller Field, And Eventual Presidential Medal Of Freedom Recipient), Ira Glasser (Fifth Executive Director Of The American Civil Liberties Union (Aclu) From 1978 To 2001, Subject Of The 2020 Documentary "Mighty Ira") And Heather Wilson (Rhodes Scholar, Phd Of International Relations From Oxford, First Woman To Command Basic Cadet Training At The United States Air Force Academy, Member Of The National Security Council, Eventual First Female Military Veteran Elected To A Full Term In Congress (U.S. House Representative From New Mexico's 1st District), 24th Secretary Of The United States Air Force (2017-2019) And As Of 2024 The 11Th President Of The University Of Texas At El Paso -- All Presented In The Highest DVD Quality MPG Video Format Of 9.1 MBPS In An MP4 Video Download Or Archival Quality 3 Disc All Regions Format DVD Set!

*October 12, 2026: Updated With YOU ARE THERE: THE WOMEN'S RIGHTS CONVENTION!

*July 6, 2024: Updated With CAVALCADE OF AMERICA: WOMEN'S EMANCIPATION!


Women's Rights are the rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide. They formed the basis for the women's rights movement in the 19th century and the feminist movements during the 20th and 21st centuries. In some countries, these rights are institutionalized or supported by law, local custom, and behavior, whereas in others, they are ignored and suppressed. They differ from broader notions of human rights through claims of an inherent historical and traditional bias against the exercise of rights by women and girls, in favor of men and boys. Issues commonly associated with notions of women's rights include the right to bodily integrity and autonomy, to be free from sexual violence, to vote, to hold public office, to enter into legal contracts, to have equal rights in family law, to work, to fair wages or equal pay, to have reproductive rights, to own property, and to education.

Women's Suffrage is the right of women to vote in elections. Beginning in the mid-19th century, aside from the work being done by women for broad-based economic and political equality and for social reforms, women sought to change voting laws to allow them to vote. National and international organizations formed to coordinate efforts towards that objective, especially the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (founded in 1904 in Berlin, Germany), as well as for equal civil rights for women. Many instances occurred in recent centuries where women were selectively given, then stripped of, the right to vote. The first province in the world to award and maintain women's suffrage continuously was Pitcairn Islands in 1838, and the first sovereign nation was Norway in 1913, as the Kingdom of Hawai'i, which originally had universal suffrage in 1840, rescinded this in 1852 and was subsequently annexed by the United States in 1898. In the years after 1869, a number of provinces held by the British and Russian empires conferred women's suffrage, and some of these became sovereign nations at a later point, like New Zealand, Australia, and Finland. Women who owned property gained the right to vote in the Isle of Man in 1881, and in 1893, women in the then self-governing British colony of New Zealand were granted the right to vote. In Australia, non-Aboriginal women progressively gained the right to vote between 1894 and 1911 (federally in 1902). Prior to independence, in the Russian Grand Duchy of Finland, women were the first in the world to gain racially-equal suffrage, with both the right to vote and to stand as candidates in 1906. Most major Western powers extended voting rights to women in the interwar period, including Canada (1917), Britain and Germany (1918), Austria and the Netherlands (1919) and the United States (1920). Notable exceptions in Europe were France, where women could not vote until 1944, Greece (equal voting rights for women did not exist there until 1952, although, since 1930, literate women were able to vote in local elections), and Switzerland (where, since 1971, women could vote at the federal level, and between 1959 and 1990, women got the right to vote at the local canton level). Since Saudi Arabia granted voting rights to women (2015), women can vote in every country that has elections. Extended political campaigns by women and their supporters have generally been necessary to gain legislation or constitutional amendments for women's suffrage. In many countries, limited suffrage for women was granted before universal suffrage for men; for instance, literate women or property owners were granted suffrage before all men received it. The United Nations encouraged women's suffrage in the years following World War II, and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1979) identifies it as a basic right with 189 countries currently being parties to this Convention.

The Feminist Movement, also known as the Women's Movement or simply Feminism, refers to a series of political campaigns for reforms on issues such as reproductive rights, domestic violence, maternity leave, equal pay, women's suffrage, sexual harassment, and sexual violence. The movement's priorities vary among nations and communities, and range from opposition to female genital mutilation in one country, to opposition to the glass ceiling in another. Feminism in parts of the Western world has gone through a series of waves. First-wave feminism was oriented around the station of middle- or upper-class white women and involved suffrage and political equality. Second-wave feminism attempted to further combat social and cultural inequalities. Although the first wave of feminism involved mainly middle class white women, the second wave brought in women of color and women from other developing nations that were seeking solidarity. Third-wave feminism is continuing to address the financial, social and cultural inequalities and includes renewed campaigning for greater influence of women in politics and media. In reaction to political activism, feminists have also had to maintain focus on women's reproductive rights, such as the right to abortion. Fourth-wave feminism examines the interlocking systems of power that contribute to the stratification of traditionally marginalized groups.

The Woman's Rights Convention Of 1853 (The Mob Convention) took place between September 6 and 7, 1853 at the Broadway Tabernacle, a well-known church between today's Worth Street and Catherine Lane, New York City. It later became known as "The Mob Convention" because of continual loud interruptions by derisive, raucous men of "Time's up", "That'll do", "Shut up", "Go to bed", "Take a drink" and hissing, groaning, stamping of feet, contemptuous laughter, and general uproar and confusion. The meeting was chaired by Lucretia Mott (1793-1880), the abolitionist and social reformer who had teamed up with Elizabeth Cady Stanton to organize the groundbreaking Seneca Falls Convention five years earlier in 1848. Other influential reformers -- both women and men -- took the stage in 1853. Lucy Stone (1818-1893) was a gifted orator and an early female graduate of Oberlin College who kept her maiden name after marriage. The Reverend Antoinette Brown (1825-1921) was the first ordained female minister in the United States and had just been prevented from speaking at the Temperance Convention because she was a woman. Sojourner Truth (1797-1883) gave her moving speech "What Time of Night It Is" amid hisses, rude laughter, and applause. Dr. Harriot K. Hunt (1805-1875) was a physician who specialized in women's health. Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906) was there, too. The abolitionists William Lloyd Garrison (1805-1879), Wendell Phillips (1811-1884), and Charles C. Burleigh (1810-1878) were among the sympathetic men who participated. A few opponents were also given the chance to speak. Press coverage was extensive and lasted several days. The New York papers were represented in force at the reporters' table -- including the Tribune, the Herald, and the newly launched Times. Each had its own distinct point of view, ranging from progressive to very conservative (just like the media in today's democracies). "The Tribune was independent, and fearless in the expression of opinions on unpopular reforms," a writer in History of Woman Suffrage later recalled. "Its editor, Horace Greeley, ever ready for the consideration of new ideas, was on many points the leader of liberal thought." The Herald, the author continues, "was recognized by reformers as at the head of the opposition, and its diatribes were considered 'Satanic.'" Finally, because the Times was "established at a much later date, its influence was not so great or extended as either The Tribune or The Herald." In the writer's view, "It represented that large conservative class that fears all change . . . knowing that in all upheavals the wealthy class is the first and greatest loser. From this source the mob spirit draws its inspiration." The press gave wildly different attendance figures for the opening session. According to the Times, only about three to four hundred individuals, mostly women, were present. The Tribune, on the other hand, reported that there four to five times that many people in "an audience of about 1,500 persons, composed about equally of men and women." In any case, increasing numbers of rowdy adversaries crowded the cavernous church on Broadway and often drowned out the speakers on the platform. An inflammatory writer for the Herald even provoked a nineteenth-century flash mob by promising hecklers good entertainment if they would "put a shilling in their pockets [the price of admission] and journey toward the Tabernacle." By the evening of September 7, the large space overflowed with three thousand people. It is fascinating to compare contemporary newspaper accounts written from the scene. "The Bloomer Comedy: Second Day's Proceedings of the Woman's Rights Convention" was the Herald's disparaging front-page headline on September 8, 1853. (Some of the women wore shortened skirts with trousers -- i.e., bloomers -- which became associated with the women's rights movement in the early 1850s after such outfits were worn by Amelia Bloomer, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucy Stone, and others.) The Herald makes many more sneering comments, such as referring to the meeting as the "Woman's Wrong Convention." Unapologetic and blatant sexism abounds in their coverage. "It is almost needless for us to say that these women are entirely devoid of personal attractions. They are generally thin maiden ladies, or women who perhaps have been disappointed in their endeavors to appropriate the breeches and the rights of their unlucky lords." The article refers to these "unsexed women" and their "champions" as the "Greeley Clique." Horace Greeley (1811-1872), the founder and editor of the New-York Tribune, was at the convention and joined with a policeman to help quiet a disturbance in the gallery, according to one of his paper's rivals, the Times (September 7, 1853). On September 8, Greeley's paper described the convention's final proceedings in "Tremendous Uproar: Close of the New York Session," saying that when the Tabernacle doors were thrown open at about seven o'clock, the "rush for tickets and admissions by the anxious throng could only be equaled to that on a Jenny Lind night." After a tumultuous evening, the convention ended with "shouting, screaming, laughing, stamping," and so much noise that nothing could be "heard or done in order." Although "the Convention broke up amid the wildest uproar," a resolution was passed giving thanks to Lucretia Mott "for the grace, firmness, ability and courtesy with which she has discharged her important and often arduous duties." Even the unfriendly Herald grudgingly complimented the women's "coolness and self-possession," despite not having "right on their side." The belligerent mob could not deter advocates for women's rights. On the last evening of the convention, Lucy Stone stood up on the platform to thunderous applause from supporters and deafening interruptions from insolent men in the gallery. Although the clamor was so great that her words were barely caught by reporters, she hoped that people "would remember what had been said, and one day there might be a convention when the men of New York would work with women for their rights." "And then," she went on, "men won't believe the scenes that have been enacted here, [and] that men should be found to come here in solid phalanx to gag down women." After declaring that the women in the room "were not to be frightened by trifles," Stone announced that another convention would be held a month later in Cleveland, Ohio. (Source: Margaret Adams Highland, Bartow-Pell Historian, https://mansionmusings.wordpress.com/2023/03/16/a-storm-of-applause-and-hisses-the-mob-convention-and-womens-rights-1853/ )

Women In Combat refers to female military personnel assigned to combat positions. The role of women in the military has varied across the world’s major countries throughout history with several views for and against women in combat. Over time countries have generally become more accepting of women fulfilling combat roles. As of 2024, the countries where women are most fully permitted in the military and generally treated as equals with regards to deployment and assignments include, but are not limited to, The United States, The United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Ireland, Italy, Sweden, Spain, Portugal, The Philippines, China, India, Pakistan, Argentina, South Africa and Algeria.