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Mary, Queen Of Scots, The 1971 Biographical Film Based On The Life Of Mary Stuart, Queen Of Scotland, Written By John Hale, Directed By Charles Jarrott, Starring Vanessa Redgrave As Mary Stuart, Glenda Jackson As Elizabeth I, Timothy Dalton As Lord Darnley, Nigel Davenport As Lord Bothwell, Patrick McGoohan As Lord James Stuart, Trevor Howard As Sir William Cecil And Ian Holm As David Riccio, Presented In The High-Quality DVD MPG Video Format Of 8.9 MBPS As An MP4 Video Download Or Archival Quality All Regions Format DVD! (Color, 1971, 2 Hours 8 Minutes.)
Mary, Queen Of Scots is a 1971 biographical film based on the life of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland, written by John Hale and directed by Charles Jarrott. It premiered in Los Angeles, California on December 22, 1971, and made its UK premiere in London at The annual Royal Film Performance on March 27, 1972 at the Odeon Leicester Square, attended by Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother. The cast was led by Vanessa Redgrave as the title character and Glenda Jackson as Elizabeth I. Jackson had previously played the part of Elizabeth in the BBC TV drama Elizabeth R, screened in February and March 1971, the first episode of which was also written by Hale. The received praise for the leading female performances, its production values, and its musical score composed by John Barry. Vanessa Redgrave and Glenda Jackson were the first choices for their roles. Redgrave accepted quickly but Jackson was more reluctantly as it was a smaller part and she had already played Elizabeth on television. Glenda Jackson said during filming, "I prefer Vanessa's part. Mary was a tart - three marriages, one to a man with syphilis, murders, prison, intrigue, violence - the whole lot." She said Elizabeth "is no virgin the way I'm playing her." Redgrave and Timothy Dalton began a romantic relationship during the making of the film. Roger Ebert gave the film three stars and lauded the interpretation of Redgrave and Jackson, stating: "Vanessa Redgrave is a tall, straight-backed, finely spirited Mary, and Glenda Jackson makes a perfectly shrewish, wise Elizabeth." At the 44th Academy Awards, the film received five nominations including Best Actress (for Redgrave).
Mary, Queen Of Scots, also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I, Queen Of Scotland from December 14, 1542 to July 24, 1567 (December 8, 1542 - February 8, 1587) was born at Linlithgow Palace, Scotland, to King James V and his French second wife, Mary of Guise. The only surviving legitimate child of James V of Scotland, she was six days old when her father died and she acceded to the throne. She spent most of her childhood in France while Scotland was ruled by regents, and in 1558, she married the Dauphin of France, Francis. He ascended the French throne as King Francis II in 1559, and Mary briefly became queen consort of France, until his death in December 1560. Widowed, Mary returned to Scotland, arriving in Leith on 19 August 1561. Four years later, she married her first cousin, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, but their union was unhappy. In February 1567, his residence was destroyed by an explosion, and Darnley was found murdered in the garden. James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell, was generally believed to have orchestrated Darnley's death, but he was acquitted of the charge in April 1567, and the following month he married Mary. Following an uprising against the couple, Mary was imprisoned in Loch Leven Castle. On July 24, 1567, she was forced to abdicate in favour of James VI, her one-year-old son by Darnley. After an unsuccessful attempt to regain the throne, she fled southwards seeking the protection of her first cousin once removed, Queen Elizabeth I Of England. Mary had previously claimed Elizabeth's throne as her own and was considered the legitimate sovereign of England by many English Catholics, including participants in a rebellion known as the Rising of the North. Perceiving her as a threat, Elizabeth had her confined in various castles and manor houses in the interior of England. After eighteen and a half years in custody, Mary was found guilty of plotting to assassinate Elizabeth in 1586. She executed by beheading aged 44 at Fotheringhay Castle, Northamptonshire, England the following year. At Fotheringhay, on the evening of the day before, Mary was told she was to be executed in the morning. She spent the last hours of her life in prayer, distributing her belongings to her household, and writing her will and a letter to the King of France. The scaffold that was erected in the Great Hall was draped in black cloth. It was reached by two or three steps, and furnished with the block, a cushion for her to kneel on, and three stools for her and the earls of Shrewsbury and Kent, who were there to witness the execution. The executioner Bull and his assistant knelt before her and asked forgiveness, as it was typical for the executioner to request the pardon of the one being put to death. Mary replied, "I forgive you with all my heart, for now, I hope, you shall make an end of all my troubles." Her servants, Jane Kennedy and Elizabeth Curle, and the executioners helped Mary remove her outer garments, revealing a velvet petticoat and a pair of sleeves in crimson brown, the liturgical colour of martyrdom in the Catholic Church, with a black satin bodice and black trimmings. As she disrobed Mary smiled and said she "never had such grooms before ... nor ever put off her clothes before such a company". She was blindfolded by Kennedy with a white veil embroidered in gold, knelt down on the cushion in front of the block on which she positioned her head, and stretched out her arms. Her last words were "In manus tuas, Domine, commendo spiritum meum" ("Into thy hands, O Lord, I commend my spirit"). Mary was not beheaded with a single strike. The first blow missed her neck and struck the back of her head. The second blow severed the neck, except for a small bit of sinew, which the executioner cut through using the axe. Afterwards, he held her head aloft and declared "God save the Queen." At that moment, the auburn tresses in his hand turned out to be a wig and the head fell to the ground, revealing that Mary had very short, grey hair. Cecil's nephew, who was present at the execution, reported to his uncle that after her death, "Her lips stirred up and down a quarter of an hour after her head was cut off" and that a small dog owned by the queen emerged from hiding among her skirts - though eye-witness Emanuel Tomascon does not include those details in his "exhaustive report". Items supposedly worn or carried by Mary at her execution are of doubtful provenance; contemporary accounts state that all her clothing, the block, and everything touched by her blood was burnt in the fireplace of the Great Hall to obstruct relic hunters. When the news of the execution reached Elizabeth, she became indignant and asserted that Davison had disobeyed her instructions not to part with the warrant and that the Privy Council had acted without her authority. Elizabeth's vacillation and deliberately vague instructions gave her plausible deniability to attempt to avoid the direct stain of Mary's blood. Davison was arrested, thrown into the Tower of London, and found guilty of misprision. He was released nineteen months later, after Elizabeth's chief adviser William Cecil and her principal secretary Francis Walsingham interceded on his behalf. Mary's request to be buried in France was refused by Elizabeth. Her body was embalmed and left in a secure lead coffin until her burial in a Protestant service at Peterborough Cathedral in late July 1587. Her entrails, removed as part of the embalming process, were buried secretly within Fotheringhay Castle. Her body was exhumed in 1612 when her son, King James VI and I, ordered that she be reinterred in Westminster Abbey in a chapel opposite the tomb of Elizabeth. In 1867, her tomb was opened in an attempt to ascertain the resting place of her son, James I of England; he was ultimately found with Henry VII instead. Many of her other descendants, including Elizabeth of Bohemia, Prince Rupert of the Rhine and the children of Anne, Queen of Great Britain, were interred in her vault.
September 7, 1533: #BOTD: #HBD! Queen Elizabeth I, Queen Of England and Ireland from November 17, 1558 until her death (d. 1603) was #born in the Palace of Placentia. also known as Greenwich Palace. Elizabeth I was sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess. Some have suggested that she was the mother of Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, who was a favorite in Elizabeth's court and who those who subscribe to the Oxfordian theory of Shakespearean authorship believe was the true identity of William Shakespeare. Whether she was or was not his mother, history officially records that Elizabeth was childless, and thereby was the last monarch of the House of Tudor. She was the daughter of King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. She ascended the throne in 1558 at age 25. During her reign, Britain became a world power by defeating the Spanish Armada. The Anglican Church was also fully established. Elizabeth I died at Richmond Palace, Surrey, England between two and three in the morning, aged 69. A few hours later, her first cousin twice removed, James VI of Scotland, the son of Mary, Queen of Scots, was proclaimed King Of England; this laid the foundation for the Kingdom of Great Britain.