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Ho Chi Minh, "He Who Enlightens", Leader Of The Vietnamese People In Their Victorious Wars Against Their Japanese Invaders, Their French Colonial Rulers, And Their American Adversary, As Seen In This Classic Episode Of The Venerable Television Documentary Series THE TWENTIETH CENTURY Hosted And Narrated By Walter Cronkite, Presented In The Highest DVD Quality MPG Video Format Of 9.1 MBPS As An MP4 Video Download Or Archival Quality All Regions Format DVD! (Black/White, 1966, 23 Minutes)
Ho Chi Minh (Vietnamese: "He Who Enlightens"), also known as Nguyen Tat Thanh, Nguyen Ai Quoc, Chua Ho, Bac Ho (Uncle Ho), Bac, President Ho (Ho Chu Tich) and known to have used between 50 and 200 various other aliases and sobriquets, Vietnamese Marxist-Leninist nationalist, revolutionary and statesman, one of the founding members of the French Communist Party, Prime Minister Of Vietnam from 1945 to 1955, President Of Vietnam from 1945 until his death in 1969, Chairman and First Secretary of the Workers' Party Of Vietnam (May 19, 1890 - September 2, 1969) was born Nguyen Sinh Cung in the central Vietnamese village of Kim Lien in the Nghe An province of the French protectorate of Annam (Trung Ky), French Indochina; following Confucian tradition, his father gave him a new name at the age of 10: Nguyen That Thanh. From 1911, he left French Indochina to continue his revolutionary activities. On February 3, 1930, he founded The Communist Party Of Vietnam (CPV) (The Vietnamese Communist Party [VCP]); in October 1930, it was transformed into The Indochinese Communist Party (ICP), which dissolved itself on November 11, 1945. In 1941, Ho returned to Vietnam and founded the Viet Minh umbrella group independence movement. He then led the August Revolution against the Japanese in August 1945, which resulted in his proclaiming the independence of The Democratic Republic Of Vietnam and his becoming President. He went on to lead the longest and most costly twentieth century war, first against the French and later the Americans. After the French returned to power the following month, Ho's government retreated to the Viet Bac region and began guerrilla warfare. The Viet Minh defeated the French Union in 1954 at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, ending the First Indochina War, and resulting in the division of Vietnam, with the Viet Minh in control of North Vietnam, and anti-communists in control of South Vietnam. He was a key figure in The People's Army Of Vietnam during the Vietnam War, which lasted from 1955 to 1975. Ho officially stepped down from power in 1965 due to health problems, though he continued to hold the title of President until his death in 1969. Vietnam was officially unified in 1976. Saigon, the former capital of South Vietnam, was renamed Ho Chi Minh City in his honor. The details of Ho Chi Minh's life before he came to power in Vietnam are uncertain. Information on his birth and early life is ambiguous and subject to academic debate. At least four existing official biographies vary on names, dates, places, and other hard facts while unofficial biographies vary even more widely. Aside from being a politician, Ho was a writer, poet, artist and journalist. He wrote several books, articles, and poems in Chinese, Vietnamese, and French. Ho Chi Minh died of heart failure at his home in Hanoi at 9:47 in the morning at the age of 79 years old. His embalmed body is currently on display in The President Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Ba Dinh Square in Hanoi, Vietnam, despite his will which stated that he wanted to be cremated. Due to the sensitivity of his death being on Vietnam's Independence Day, and the outcome of the Vietnam war still in question, the North Vietnamese government originally delayed announcing Ho's death until the next day, September 3. A week of mourning for his death was decreed nationwide in North Vietnam from September 4 to 11, 1969. His funeral was attended by about 250,000 people and 5,000 official guests, which included many international mourners. Representatives from 40 countries and regions were also presented. During the mourning period, North Vietnam received more than 22,000 condolences letters from 20 organizations and 110 countries across the world, such as France, Ethiopia, Yugoslavia, Cuba, Zambia, China, the USSR and many others, mostly Socialist countries. He was not initially replaced as president; instead, a "collective leadership" composed of several ministers and military leaders took over, known as the Politburo. During North Vietnam's final campaign in 1975, a famous song written by composer Huy Thuc was often sung by PAVN soldiers: "Bac Van Cung Chung Chau Hanh Quan" ("You Are Still Marching With Us, Uncle Ho"). During the Fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975, several PAVN tanks displayed a poster with those same words on it. The day after the battle ended, on May 1 (May Day), veteran Australian journalist Denis Warner reported that "When the North Vietnamese marched into Saigon yesterday, they were led by a man who wasn't there". Thus North Vietnam was ultimately victorious against South Vietnam and its allies.